Galactica, as with other battlestars, has two flight pods on the port and starboard of the battlestar.
Also known simply as "pods," the flight pods contain the landing bays within the top and the hangar deck below, along with the launch tubes within the bottom half, adjacent to the hangar deck. Normally these two pods are extended so that the landing bays are open to space, but in order to perform a Jump, the pods must be retracted on a battlestar class such as Galactica's.
The port flight pod was the only flight pod on Galactica currently in use at the time of the Cylon Attack. The starboard flight pod's landing bay was converted into a pressurized museum of artifacts of the first Cylon War, including with a gift shop in the former launch bay. Crewman Socinus complains of the problems in keeping the landing bay's external windows sealed from leaks at the start of the Miniseries.
The starboard landing bay remains closed off from space until a Cylon Heavy Raider later crashes through one of the windows, depressurizing the landing bay (Scattered). After the Battle of New Caprica, the starboard flight pod appears to have been returned to working order as Lee Adama mentions its use in preparation for an upcoming mission (A Measure of Salvation).
The Mercury class battlestar Pegasus also has flight pods, but they differ greatly from Galactica's in that these larger pods are fixed and not retracted before a jump, with each pod transversely split into two landing bays to allow four distinct landing areas for fighters.
During the Battle of New Caprica, the abandoned and unmanned Pegasus collides with and destroys one of four basestars that had attacked Galactica earlier (Pegasus's forward batteries severely damages or destroys the first of these basestars earlier). One of its flight pods breaks off the destroyed battlestar and tumbles away to collide with and destroy yet another basestar (Exodus, Part II).
Compartments within a flight pod can be sealed off frame by frame and vented to space to kill fires and prevent possible complete decompression and structural buckling. This occurred to the port flight pod after it was struck with a Cylon kiloton nuclear missile and was subjected to internal fires that threatened to ignite the ship fuel lines and destroy the ship (Miniseries). The use of the busy port hangar deck as a morgue would be rather morbid, so Commander Adama orders Galen Tyrol to set up a temporary morgue be in "hangar bay B" after the loss of 85 crewmembers from the strike (Miniseries). Since the port hangar deck (bay) is very busy with retrieving Vipers, and we see Captain Kelly with the bodies in what appears otherwise as an empty hangar deck, it is likely the unused hangar deck of the starboard flight pod.