Artemis is one of the Lords of Kobol, worshipped by modern-day Colonials.
Kara Thrace prays to the Lords of Kobol while holding figurines of Artemis and Aphrodite, following the "death" of Leoben Conoy on the Gemenon Traveller. In doing so, she fulfills her "role" in helping his soul find God, and confirms his statement that she is a worshipper of these two gods (Flesh and Bone).
A temple on New Caprica was dedicated to her (Collaborators).