Artemis is one of the Lords of Kobol, worshipped by modern-day Colonials.
Her exact function is unclear, however, given the role of Apollo appears to reflect that of Apollo within the Greek Olympian pantheon, it is probable that she fulfils the same role as the Greek Artemis of legend.
Kara Thrace prays to the Lords of Kobol while holding figurines of Artemis and Aphrodite, following the "death" of Leoben Conoy on the Gemenon Traveller. In doing so, she fulfills her "role" in helping his soul find God, and confirms his statement that she is a worshipper of these two gods (Flesh and Bone).
Greek Mythology
In Greek mythology, Artemis was one of the twelve Olympians. She was the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin sister of Apollo. This virgin goddess was worshipped as the goddess of the moon, the hunt, wild animals, healing, the wilderness, chastity, and childbirth.
Consistent with her roles of goddess of the moon and of the hunt, she is often portrayed in art with a bow and arrows, with the crescent moon above her head.
As with Apollo (god of healing who also gave rise to sickness such as rabies and leprosy), Artemis was said to be the cause of women dying in labour as well as being the goddess of childbirth.