The firing range is a facility on Galactica that allows her crew to maintain their small arms proficiency. After Sharon Valerii is revealed to be a Cylon sleeper agent, some of the crew post images of her face on the targets (Flight of the Phoenix).
Lee Adama and Kara Thrace conduct target practice on the firing range when the oxygen to the room reaches dangerously low levels. They overcome their hypoxic delirium long enough to shoot out the glass of the pressurized door, allowing air to reach them. The drop in air pressure was caused by the effects of the Cylon logic bomb (Flight of the Phoenix).
A standard practise among pilots is conducting an equilibrium exercise by spinning a person around in a vertigo chair and then having him or her fire several shots on a target within a set amount of time. Many of them don't even hit the target (Scar).
