Computers in the Re-imagined Series
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Technologies such as computers have been mostly bane and less of a blessing to the Colonials of the Twelve Colonies, despite the obvious conveniences that technology brings. It was computer technology that led to the creation of the Cylons for household to warfare use. These intelligent machines rebelled. To counter their creation's ability to hack into computers, the Colonial defenses, particularly the first battlestars, used computers but did not network them to all but eliminate Cylon infiltration.
Over 40 years after that first Cylon War and with the Cylons apparently long gone, the Colonials slowly returned to technological conveniences. When the Cylons began planning a second war against the Colonials, they chose to infiltrate the Colonial military through yet another program installed throughout fighters and battlestars that was designed to add more convenience: the Command Navigation Program. This program, thanks to Cylon agents disguised as humans who infiltrated Colonial life and sought out people who had access to Colonial computer defense technologies, contained a "backdoor" that allowed the Cylon forces to damage or disable any Colonial vessel with this program. Only non-networked ships or those with comparatively primitive computers were immune to the new Cylon menace.
Colonial Fleet Computers
- Not much is known of this system other than its existence and the roles they played in the destruction of the Twelve Colonies. This central computer housed key Colonial Fleet logistical information, such as fleet deployment, and was the central system used by Gaius Baltar to create and distribute the Command Navigation Program to all advanced ships and fighters in the Colonial Fleet (Mini-Series). It was located within the Ministry of Defense on Caprica (Six Degrees of Separation), since Number Six produced credible-looking footage showing Baltar attaching a bomb to it.
- Lee Adama performed simulations of Cylon attacks in War College to test Colonial defense tactics. One such defense involves the use of EMP devices to fool Cylon forces into believing a nuclear device detonated where no explosion took place. Adama successfully used the electric pulse generators that were offloaded onto Colonial Heavy 798 from Galactica to successfully fool two Cylon Raiders that their nuclear missile attack on Colonial Heavy 798 was successful, while also disabling the warheads of the missiles aimed at the starliner. Adama was amused that this trick actually worked in reality, for in the War College simulations the Cylons were not fooled and destroyed the Colonial targets anyway (Mini-Series).
Viper Flight Simulators
- Battlestar Galactica had lost many pilots to Cylon attack or accident since their exodus from the Colonies. Lieutenant Kara Thrace was ordered to become flight instructor to train nuggets as new pilots. Normally, pilots are trained on simulators, presumably on one of the Colonies or a more advanced battlestar, which used complex computers to immerse a trainee into the feel of Viper combat. Unfortunately, Galactica did not have simulators onboard, so Thrace taught the new pilots using actual Vipers (Act of Contrition).
Battlestar Computers
An original battlestar such as Galactica has several computers dedicated to many critical ship functions. Several specific computers have been mentioned in the Mini-Series and regular series. This list is not inclusive; an original battlestar like Galactica is still a very complex spacecraft. Advanced battlestars such as Pegasus, with its networked computers, may have more or fewer computers or distributed functionality. It is likely that Pegasus is not as strongly networked as before the Fall of the Twelve Colonies to create a similar defense against Cylon incursion.
Although the battlestar normally does not have a central computer network in place, Galactica does possess a gateway, which, in Galactica's case, is likely managed within by Mainframe Computer and not a larger network topology, The Mainframe's normally-isolated gateway can be linked to the other computers (as Gaeta does in "Scattered").
Also known as the "Nav" computer. Manages spatial coordinates of the battlestar, handles sublight travel and RCS translations. It is very likely that DRADIS sensor information is obtained and managed by the Navigation Computer and passed on to the Tactical Officer and the Command & Control Center in the CIC.
FTL Computer
The FTL computer manages the complex calculations necessary for a FTL Jump. Information for these Jumps on a more advanced battlestar such as Pegasus would be transmitted from the Navigation Computer by the battlestar's network. On Galactica, however, the FTL computer receives the spatial coordinates manually from Lieutenant Gaeta or Petty Officer Dualla. The FTL Computer also generates a series of emergency Jump coordinates for the Fleet. This information is relayed by the Tactical Officer to other ships regularly. It is likely that the flight pods are also controlled through the FTL computer as they must be retracted prior to a Jump.Template:Ref
DC Computer
The Damage Control computer relays information to the CIC on malfunctioning or damaged areas of the battlestar, presumably from various sensors or devices throughout the ship. The DC computer also has access to radiation sensors in the event of nuclear attack to warn against dangerous radiation levels that could harm the crew.Template:Ref
Fire Control Computer
The Fire Control computer manages a battlestar's primary offensive weapons, the central flak turret and smaller port and starboard turrets along the length of each side of the ship. It is presumed that the Fire Control computers report to crewmembers responsible for the upkeep of ammunition on the guns when to reload an particular turret. The Fire Control computer can target individual bogeys with the flak turret guns, which, in tandem with the smaller turrets, make even Galactica, an old original battlestar from the first Cylon War, a formidable foe to encounter.Template:Ref
Mainframe Computer
This computer likely manages secondary functions of the ship, such as communications. The mainframe likely provides extra calculating power for other ship tasks when required, and may also serve as the ship's library for tactical information.Template:Ref Of all the computers on Galactica, this computer is likely very resistant by design to infiltration since it controls communication traffic (and thus is accessible to Cylon external intrusion by wireless). The mainframe likely possesses a basic gateway, but, per Galactica's no-networks edict, it is typically unused.
Avionics
- The computer systems found on fighters and support aircraft of a capital ship are generally described by the term avionics (AVIation electrONICS). In the world of Battlestar Galactica, aircraft terminology is intermixed with spacecraft terminology--note the use of "CAG" and Commander Adama's use of the word "planes" to Chief Galen Tyrol to describe the Viper space fighter (Litmus). Since the term "avionics" was used in the episode "Flesh and Bone", despite its aeronautical connotation, it will be used here.
Colonial Avionics
The avionics found on Vipers and Raptors likely include these components, which vary in availability or degrees of complexity depending on the craft's age or purpose.
- A non-directional medium-range wireless communications for ship-to-ship and ship-to-planet contact
- DRADIS hardware for enemy targeting, squadron formation flight manouvers, and the like
- A Colonial transponder for IFF "friend of foe" identification
- Stellar positioning system for proper sublight or FTL positioning
- Instrument Landing Systems (ILS), an automatic ("hands-off") landing system guidance package
In the case of modern (pre-holocaust) spacecraft, many of these systems were likely tied into (either as a software or firmware component) of the tainted Command Navigation Program. Evidence for this is strong as viewers watched Jackson Spencer's Mark VII Viper lose power, communications, flight control, DRADIS, and apparently ejection control after Cylon fighters "rooted", or counter-commanded his Viper to shut down, thanks to the backdoors installed in these modern avionics packages (Mini-Series).
Older Vipers, like the Mark II, used more primitive avionics with far less dependence on computer programming. Designed for the First Cylon War to engage an enemy that commonly used computer infiltration as an attack, older Colonial spacecraft likely did not possess conveniences that modern Vipers and their pilots took for granted, such as auto-landing systems.
Larger craft such as Raptors could manage Jumps and so came equipped with more advanced avionics to handle FTL travel.
Galactica prohibits auto-landings, so all pilots perform manual approach and landings in non-combat modes. No information has been given in the series if Mark II Vipers are capable of auto-landings in the manner that Mark VII's demonstrated (Mini-Series).
Cylon Avionics
Little has been revealed of the history or configuration of modern Cylon computers or avionics on their Heavy Raider or basestars, but a few scraps of information have been revealed about the Cylon Raider, the primary fighter-interceptor for the Cylon fleet.
Cylon Raiders contain some level of avionics that co-exist amidst the biological components that form the "pilot" within the fuselage of the fighter. Kara Thrace identified the mechanical linkage within the craft, and Galen Tyrol's team had identified the fire control, navigation, and FTL drive components in addition to an actual avionics package (Flesh and Bone). Galactica flight crews later rigged a flight control console that mated with the avionics for human readability.
The reasoning why the Cylons moved to biomechanical pilots rather than using Centurions or other robotic pilot comes from their monothesistic philosophy on God and their belief in procreation (machines cannot procreate, but living organisms can), as well as tactical reasoning. Colonial forces may attempt electronic countermeasures that could affect the performance or operation of a fully-mechanical Cylon Raider or a craft piloted by autonomous Cylon Centurions. As the Colonials moved to simplier technologies to combat Cylon ECM, so did the Cylons--like a Viper pilot, the modern Cylon Raider with its biologics cannot be disabled by ECM.
Cylon spacecraft avionics can be affected by computer infiltration. The cooperative Cylon infiltrator copy of Sharon Valerii used herself as a backdoor to send a version of a Cylon virus to shut down power to a massive Cylon fleet en route to attack Galactica (Flight of the Phoenix). It was not shown whether the biologics of the Cylon Raiders were affected by this unexpected infiltration from Valerii.
Computer History
Partially to tradition from the Cylon War, and partially to his own experience in the Cylon War, Commander William Adama has maintained the order that none of these or other computers on Galactica may be networked at any time. This order had surely saved Galactica and her crew when the Cylon Attack occurred. Although Galactica received the tainted Command Navigation Program along with every other Colonial unit from Fleet Headquarters, Galactica could not use it as her computers were never networked; in fact, it was never loaded into a computer at allTemplate:Ref. While Cylon electronic attacks disabled entire Viper squadrons and damaged or crippled battlestars during the Fall of the Twelve Colonies, Galactica remained up and running. However, since her munitions were destroyed as part of her expected decommissioning, the battlestar was initially defenseless in the opening wave of the attack, calling on her Navigation computer to perform evasive manueuvers in the first attack (Mini-Series).
The evasive actions were not successful as Galactica suffered a kiloton nuclear missile strike on her forward port flight pod. The Damage Control computer determined the extent of fires and other damage, but luckily reported that very little radiation was seeping through, thanks to Galactica's thick outer hullTemplate:Ref. The Damage Control computer likely provided damage information to damage control crews in coordination or by instruction of CIC as many crewmember donned fire gear to battle the blazes. However, the blazes were too intense and threatened to ignite the ship's fuel lines. Colonel Saul Tigh activated the vents throughout the port flight pod from the CIC's damage control console, releasing its atmosphere into space to extinguish the fires. Sadly, this required action also caused the deaths of 85 crewmembers.
With no munitions, Galactica's Tactical Officer began to plot a Jump through the FTL computer to Ragnar Anchorage, a Colonial munitions dump situated just inside the upper atmosphere of a large gas giant. Despite the ship not performing a Jump of any significance in 20 yearsTemplate:Ref, the event was successful, and Galactica offloaded a large cache of ordinance from the station.
Galactica was surrounded by at least two basestars and hundreds of Cylon Raiders at Ragnar. Fortunately, the electromagnetic storm covering the station, Galactica, and a civilian fleet of 50,000 survivors from the Colonies prevented the basestars from making a direct attack. Now armed, Galactica led the fleet of ships out of the storm, using herself as a shield while the civilian ships made Jumps to escape the attack. The Fire Control computer and the remaining primary computers came into play at once to coordinate damage control, calculate best attack vectors, target bogeys, and plotting Jumps for all civilians and the battlestar itself.
Despite the no-networking order, Galactica found herself in a situation where the FTL, Nav, DC, and Fire Control computersTemplate:Ref had to be networked to greatly accelerate the needed calculations to find the civilian fleet, which had Jumped to a different set of coordinates than the battlestar (Scattered). Without the network, Galactica would take 12 hours to calculate the proper coordinates--and it would certain that the basestar in orbit around Kobol would destroy them before the calculations were complete. With the inprovised network, only 10 minutes were needed for the calculations.
Lieutenant Gaeta created firewalls between the series of computers to resist an expected Cylon virus incursion. While the effort was successful, one of the computers did contract a Cylon virus (Valley of Darkness). Shortly after, the virus began to shutdown many systems throughout the ship, but was fortunately stopped and removed--or so the crew believed.
Weeks later, the Cylon virus reappeared in the form of a Logic bomb that had taken time to test and learn the ship's weaknesses (Flight of the Phoenix). When the next Cylon attack occurred, the Logic bomb would take over all ship computers and could vent the battlestar's atmosphere to kill the crew, or direct and fire the battlestar's guns at the civilian fleet. Unfortunately, cleaning the computers would require a more direct approach in the form of erasing the hard drives of each of the computers, later restoring them with backups made prior to the war. This would take time and leave Galactica a sitting duck for several minutes--time enough for the Cylon force to destroy the Fleet.
Commander Adama decided to fight one computer system with another in the form of the cooperative Caprica copy of the Cylon infiltrator Sharon Valerii. While Sharon appeared wholly human, her cells were apparently light-reactive; she cut her forearm and stuck a fiber-optic cable into it, allowing her Cylon-designed brain/computer to access the ship's communication channels and access the processing power (and the Cylon code inside of) Galactica's mainframe computerTemplate:Ref. As Galactica erased her computer hard drives, Valerii modified the Cylon logic bomb/virus code within herself, releasing it in a broadcast to the hundreds of Cylon fighters ready to overwhelm Galactica. The broadcast contained a version of the Cylon virus that disabled all the enemy's fighters, leaving Galactica's Vipers to destroy them with ease.
Sources
- Template:Note One of Gaeta's responsibilities is to monitor DRADIS contacts. To navigate, a battlestar must use some way to determine its location relative to other objects, so the Navigation and DRADIS connection must exist.
- Template:Note Gaeta: "...But we network the FTL computer with the Nav, DC, and Fire Control computers. Once they're linked, we'll only need ten minutes to complete the calculations." (Scattered)
- Template:NoteWhile Colonel Tigh was on a handset ordering the retraction of the pods as the battlestar began its escape from Ragnar Anchorage, many events within the ship must be coordinated (bulkheads closing, motors for the pod movement activated, etc.) While there was likely a person in CIC or elsewhere that flips a switch or types in a computer command, there must still be a computer used to coordinate these events as they are too many to manage in a limited amount of time (Mini-Series).
- Template:NoteWilliam Adama: "Radiation levels within norms -- the hull plating kept out most of the hard stuff." (Mini-Series)
- Template:NoteGalactica's flak turret guns are seen directly targeting specific missiles during the Battle of Ragnar Anchorage (Mini-Series).
- Template:NoteSharon Valerii: "Mr. Gaeta, can you set me up with a fiber-optic com link? I need broadcast to all frequencies and direct link to the mainframe." (Flight of the Phoenix)
- Template:NoteColonel Tigh tries to discourage Adama from a Jump, stating that Galactica had not made a Jump in over 20 years (Mini-Series).
- Template:Note Gaeta: "Well, you can see we do have your CNP navigation program here on Galactica, but it's never been loaded into primary memory or even test run." (Mini-Series)