Editing Litmus

{{Episode Data
| image =Litmus3.jpg
| title=Litmus
| series=TRS
| season=1
| episode=6
| guests=
| writer=[[Jeff Vlaming]]
| story=
| director=[[Rod Hardy]]
| production=106
| rating= 2.5
| US airdate=2005-02-11
| CAN airdate=2005-02-19
| UK airdate=2004-11-22
| dvd= {{Season 1 NTSC DVD release date}} '''US'''<br/>{{Season 1 PAL DVD release date}} '''UK'''
| population=
| prev=[[You Can't Go Home Again]]
| next=[[Six Degrees of Separation]]
| amazon=y
|archives=y}}


:''When [[Aaron Doral]] turns up on ''[[Galactica (TRS)|Galactica]]'' and detonates a device made from the ship's own munitions, [[William Adama|Adama]] orders a full investigation - and [[Galen Tyrol]]'s relationship with [[Sharon Valerii|Boomer]] becomes the focus of the investigation.''

== Summary == 

* A group of civilians board ''[[Galactica (TRS)|Galactica]]''. As they make their way through the ship, one of them slips away to make his way through the ship on his own.
* Elsewhere, [[Galen Tyrol|Chief Tyrol]] secretly meets with {{Callsign|Boomer}} after their relationship had been forbidden by [[Saul Tigh|Colonel Tigh]] ([[You Can't Go Home Again]]) – they meet in the inspection space above the refurbished water tanks.
* The visitor to ''{{RDM|Galactica}}'' is seen and recognized by Tigh, who covertly calls security. At the same time, he is seen and challenged by Commander [[William Adama|Adama]].
* Turning to face them, the visitor turns to reveal himself as a copy of [[Aaron Doral]], a suspected Cylon {{TRS|Miniseries}} who has a bomb strapped to his chest, which he detonates―almost killing Adama and Tigh.
* With three people killed in the blast, Adama orders an investigation into how Doral got aboard and accessed ''{{RDM|Galactica}}''{{'|s}} munitions store, and places his [[Master-at-Arms]], Sergeant [[Hadrian]], in charge of what becomes a public inquiry.
* Interviewing [[hangar deck]] personnel, including [[Cally]], [[Jammer]] and [[Socinus]], Sergeant [[Hadrian]] is given three different locations for Tyrol's whereabouts at the time Doral came aboard the ship. The time coincides with Tyrol's meeting with Valerii, and his people are covering for him.
* At the same time, [[Laura Roslin]] holds a press conference, revealing the truth about [[humanoid Cylon]]s and releasing pictures of Doral and [[Leoben Conoy]]. The news is greeted with a stunned reaction throughout [[The Fleet (RDM)|the Fleet]].
* As a result of her investigations, Hadrian brings both Valerii and Tyrol before the board of inquiry for questioning.
* Valerii is questioned first – specifically about her relationship with Tyrol, which she claims has stopped on the orders of the [[Saul Tigh|XO]].
* Hadrian then focuses on Tyrol and his whereabouts at the time of the bombing, and Boomer claims she has no idea.
* Putting Tyrol on the stand, Hadrian questions him about a hatchway that was left open – a hatchway he should have ensured was closed, and which leads directly to the [[small arms]] locker from which the explosives had been stolen, and to which he had the access code.
* In response, Tyrol points out that several people have the access code to the locker – including Hadrian herself, who is also responsible for internal security aboard the ship.
* Hadrian challenges Tyrol as to whether Valerii may have left the hatch open. Remembering their meeting, in which she stated she had used the hatchway to avoid being seen on her way to him, Tyrol lies and states he has no idea.
* He is then challenged to explain why his claim to have been in his bunk at the time of the bombing is disputed by three of his own crew, who put him in different places, doing different things at the time Doral was aboard.
* When Hadrian accuses him of being a Cylon collaborator, Tyrol refuses to answer, citing his right to not self-incriminate himself under the [[Articles of Colonization|23rd Article of Colonization]].
* Specialist Socinus is next on the stand, and when he realizes his original statement has landed Tyrol in trouble, he changes his story: he actually left his post and went to the galley for food, using the companionway and hatch in question to get there.
* When challenged about the hatch, he admits he was the one who left it open, thus accidentally providing the Cylon with the means to get to the explosives.
* Hadrian still tries to involve Tyrol, demanding to know if he ordered Socinus to leave the hatch open. Socinus won't be moved: he left the hatch open.
* In sickbay, [[Gaius Baltar]] visits {{callsign|Starbuck}}, hoping to rekindle the attraction of their first card game ("[[Water]]"). She, however, is not in the mood. To get rid of him, she asks him about the bombing and whether he felt the Cylon was after his [[Cylon detector|super secret project]], which is located close to where the bomb went off.
* This scares Baltar to the point where he leaves Thrace alone, demanding to know from [[Messenger Six|Six]] as to why the Cylons are trying to kill him when he's following her orders.
* Six points out the Cylon were probably after the detector―and that anyway, the Cylons don't know about her and Baltar.
* With Socinus apparently the guilty party, Adama discusses the outcome of the inquiry with Roslin – when he is called before the board himself, where Hadrian comes close to building a picture of conspiracy rising all the way to Adama. 
* Realizing things are out of hand, Adama calls a halt to things, confining Hadrian to her quarters and disbanding the board of inquiry.
* Roslin holds a second conference, issuing Socinus' name and stating he has been removed from duty and placed in the brig for dereliction of duty.
* Hearing this, Tyrol goes to Adama to try and secure Socinus' release. Instead, he is confronted by the truth: as a result of his unauthorized tryst with Valerii, he has created a poor example of leadership and can't actually say where Socinus was or what he was doing. Socinus will remain in the brig.
* As a result, Tyrol meets with Valerii and ends their relationship. He then asks her if she left the suspect hatchway open the last time they met. She refuses to answer.

=== On Caprica === 
* {{Callsign|Helo}} sets out to find his missing [[Sharon Agathon|Sharon Valerii]].
* As a result of his decision, [[Number Six|Six]] gives Valerii a vicious beating to feign a fight with Cylons once he "finds" her.
* Agathon later discovers a lone [[Cylon Centurion]] dragging a bound and apparently unconscious Valerii, whom he rescues.

== Notes == 

* [[w:Litmus test (chemistry)|Litmus]] is a chemical substance used to determine whether a solution is acidic or basic. In politics a [[w:Litmus test (politics)|litmus test]] is a question posed to a candidate in order determine whether or not he or she will be nominated for a certain office, thus deciding a political career.
* Some 24 hours have passed since the events of "[[You Can't Go Home Again]]".
* There was at least one additional Doral in the Fleet.
* This is the first episode without an appearance by [[Lee Adama|Apollo]].
* Underground activities are beginning to take place on ''{{RDM|Galactica}}'' – as shown by the creation of the still.
* Baltar's Six claims not to be in contact with other Cylons in the Fleet, but it is far from clear as to whether she is speaking the truth.
* Adama's [[Joseph Adama|father]] was a civil liberties lawyer on Caprica. This would later be explored in ''[[Caprica (series)|Caprica]]''.
* Adama has a hobby: constructing large models of [[H.M.S. Glutton o' Punishment|sailing vessels]].
* Baltar is now actively working on his [[Cylon detector]].
* Civilians routinely pass through ''{{RDM|Galactica}}''.
* Cultural oddity: when Adama sets down his glasses, a volume of the ''Reader's Digest Condensed Books'' series is clearly identifiable, including the ''Reader's Digest'' logo.
* Number Six intimidates Baltar with the line, "Don't make me angry, Gaius. You wouldn't like me when I'm angry." This is a possible play on the classic Bill Bixby line from the pilot episode of the ''Incredible Hulk''. The line is partially repeated in flashback in "[[Six Degrees of Separation]]" and again in "[[Collaborators]]" by Adama.
* The building seen prominently in the background of the first shots of the [[Unnamed cities of Caprica|Caprican city]] can be clearly identified as a [[w:Scotiabank|ScotiaBank]] building in downtown Vancouver, used as shooting locations for various Caprican series in both the re-imagined series and its spin-off [[Caprica (series)|''Caprica'']].
* The recurring reporter played by [[Biski Gugushe]] was named [[Sekou Hamilton]] after one of [[Toni Graphia]]'s former assistants.<ref name="companion67">{{cite book|last=Bassom|first=David|title=[[Battlestar Galactica: The Official Companion]]|page=67|publisher=Titan Books}}</ref>
* [[Socinus]] was originally set to be killed off in the [[Battlestar Galactica (RDM)|miniseries]], but his death scene was cut from the final version.<ref name="companion64">{{cite book|last=Bassom|first=David|title=[[Battlestar Galactica: The Official Companion]]|page=64|publisher=Titan Books}}</ref>

== Analysis ==

* "Litmus" was conceived as a "cost-effective episode" that would compensate for the deliberate over-spending on the season one premiere "[[33]]".<ref name="companion64">{{cite book|last=Bassom|first=David|title=[[Battlestar Galactica: The Official Companion]]|page=64|publisher=Titan Books}}</ref> According to [[Ronald D. Moore]], "A trial is a good way of saving money, plus it's a good dramatic device. It was an opportunity to put Tyrol and Sharon in the crucible and tear that relationship apart, especially after what had happened in '[[Water]]'."<ref name="companion64"/>
* This episode features the minor characters on the deck crew to a large degree, giving them scenes with actual substance. Their reactions show how the common people in the fleet are affected by the decisions of people at the "top," Roslin and Adama. Rather than being "[[w:Redshirt (character)|redshirts]]" who do not appear again, these characters will continue to reappear throughout the season, demonstrating how the series features a large ensemble cast, and given time even many tertiary characters become fully fleshed out.
* The storyline for "Litmus" was developed by the show's staff together with freelance writer [[Jeff Vlaming]], chosen by [[David Eick]] and Moore to become the first freelancer to work on the series.<ref name="companion65">{{cite book|last=Bassom|first=David|title=[[Battlestar Galactica: The Official Companion]]|page=65|publisher=Titan Books}}</ref>

== Questions ==

=== Answered Questions ===

{{answered questions|season=1|series=RDM|episode=Litmus}}

* Why did [[Hadrian]] fixate on the [[Galen Tyrol|Tyrol]] / [[Sharon Valerii|Valerii]] relationship? This line of questioning was distinct from her attempts to expose Tyrol as a "[[Cylons (RDM)|Cylon]] conspirator."
* Will the "outing" of [[Aaron Doral]] and [[Leoben Conoy]] make Cylon activities within the Fleet that much more difficult? What of [[Number Six]]? Does this mean that the [[Significant Seven|other still-unknown models]] take on a more active role?
* Why is the concept of love so important to the Cylons (RDM)?

=== Unanswered Questions ===

* Was Baltar's lab really Doral's intended target?

== Official Statements == 

=== Cast ===

* ''[[Aaron Douglas]] discusses Tyrol's role in the episode:''
: '''Aaron Douglas:''' "David Eick had told me a big episode for Tyrol was coming up, and when I read the script I thought it was great. I'd been given a lot of interesting stuff to do in other episodes, but there was a lot of really cool scenes for me to do in 'Litmus'. I was also thrilled when I found out Rod Hardy was directing it. He directed 'Act of Contrition', and he and I connected really well on that. He's a bit like Michael Rymer in that he lets me take the shackles off and go! We had a lot of fun working on 'Litmus'."<ref name="companion65">{{cite book|last=Bassom|first=David|title=[[Battlestar Galactica: The Official Companion]]|page=65|publisher=Titan Books}}</ref>

* ''[[Grace Park]] reflects on Sharon and Tyrol's relationship dynamic:''
: '''Grace Park:''' "I loved that episode. It was very gripping, dramatic and emotional. I really enjoyed the personal conflict between Tyrol and Sharon."<ref name="companion66">{{cite book|last=Bassom|first=David|title=[[Battlestar Galactica: The Official Companion]]|page=66|publisher=Titan Books}}</ref>

* ''[[Alonso Oyarzun]] discusses Socinus' key role:''
: '''Alonso Oyarzun:''' "That episode was really exciting for me. I got the chance to give the character a bit more of an identity on the show, and the way he takes the fall is pretty cool. Aaron and I actually developed our own little back-story to explain why Socinus takes the fall while we were making that episode. We figured that Tyrol had saved Socinus' life somewhere in the past and has been like a big brother to him. So in 'Litmus', Socinus tries to repay that by covering for the Chief."<ref name="companion66-67">{{cite book|last=Bassom|first=David|title=[[Battlestar Galactica: The Official Companion]]|pages=66-67|publisher=Titan Books}}</ref>

* ''Douglas on the relationship break-up:''
: '''Douglas:''' "The opportunity to break up with Sharon was really cool. When Ron Moore decided to split up Tyrol and Sharon, I was completely with him. If they'd stayed together, Tyrol might have become this one-dimensional guy who just kissed and argued with Sharon, and that could have become a little dull. I was really struck by the break-up scene. One of the hardest things a guy can do is break up with someone they love, and it was great to explore that."<ref name="companion67">{{cite book|last=Bassom|first=David|title=[[Battlestar Galactica: The Official Companion]]|page=67|publisher=Titan Books}}</ref>

* ''[[Edward James Olmos]] on Adama's character development:''
: '''Olmos:''' "I liked that episode. It was well written. What I enjoyed about it was that it was a natural development from the story arc of earlier episodes, and you could really see how something like that could happen."<ref name="companion67">{{cite book|last=Bassom|first=David|title=[[Battlestar Galactica: The Official Companion]]|page=67|publisher=Titan Books}}</ref>

=== Crew ===

* ''[[Ronald D. Moore]] on the episode's themes and development:''
: '''Moore:''' "We also announced to the fleet that the Cylons looked like humans in that episode. We wanted to see that the repercussions of that would be paranoia and suspicion, and people's freedoms and civil liberties falling into question. All of that parallels modern-day events. So it was an important episode for the series."<ref name="companion65">{{cite book|last=Bassom|first=David|title=[[Battlestar Galactica: The Official Companion]]|page=65|publisher=Titan Books}}</ref>

* ''Moore discusses Adama's character complexity:''
: '''Moore:''' "That episode shows that Adama is a more complicated character than you expect. You expect that his family has been in the military for generations, because that's typically what that type of character is all about. But that really isn't the case here — our people are really much more complicated than that. Military men can be Democrats too!"<ref name="companion67">{{cite book|last=Bassom|first=David|title=[[Battlestar Galactica: The Official Companion]]|page=67|publisher=Titan Books}}</ref>

* ''[[David Eick]] on the episode's purpose:''
: '''Eick:''' "I thought 'Litmus' was a great idea. From the beginning of the season I wanted to explore how people can manipulate and capitalize on an exterior threat to create fear for their own ends. I thought that was a great way to do an episode that would be more interior, and would help pay for '33'."<ref name="companion65">{{cite book|last=Bassom|first=David|title=[[Battlestar Galactica: The Official Companion]]|page=65|publisher=Titan Books}}</ref>

* ''Major question: it looks like discipline hasn't really improved on the ship in the first few episodes. In some ways, it's getting worse. Commander [[William Adama|Adama]] didn't help matters at all in "Litmus" when he essentially declared himself to be above the law.''
: Security and discipline are definitely problems on ''[[Galactica (TRS)|Galactica]]'' and they're not going away. The ship was far from the best of the best at the time of its retirement and the people on board weren't either. The discipline was lax and many procedures had been allowed to fall by the wayside. Now, this ship and its crew are forced to operate far above what they considered to be the norm and it's not an easy transition for any of them.

: This was a deliberate creative choice. It's one thing for the finest ship, with the finest crew to deal with the end of the world and a long flight from a relentless enemy, it's quite another when you were just a bunch of people trying to get by. I find it a more challenging and interesting environment to tell stories in and I find these people more heroic in their actions just by the nature of the obstacles they have to overcome in their day to day existence. {{from_RDM_blog}}

== Noteworthy Dialogue ==

* ''Adama, to Sergeant Hadrian and her Board of Inquiry:''
: '''Adama''': You've lost your way, Sergeant. You've lost sight of the purpose of the law: to protect its citizens, not persecute them. Whatever we are, whatever's left of us – we're better than that. Now these proceedings are closed. You'll be transported back to your ships and we appreciate your help.<br>
: '''Board Chair''': This is an independent board. You have no power to close our inquiries.<br>
: '''Adama''': This is a witch-hunt. I will not have it aboard my ship.

* ''Adama to Tyrol, after Socinus has been incarcerated:''
: '''Adama''': What I can't do is I can't let someone who wears this uniform get up on the witness stand and lie under oath. And that's what your man did. He either lied the first time or he lied the second time. And it doesn't matter. He's guilty, and he'll pay the price. You? You'll pay a different price. You'll have to walk out on that hangar every day knowing that one of your men is in the brig because you couldn't keep your fly zipped. You are the most experienced non-commissioned officer we have left. You keep my planes flying. I need my planes to fly.

== Guest stars ==
* [[Michael Hogan]] as Colonel [[Saul Tigh]]
* [[Aaron Douglas]] as Chief [[Galen Tyrol]]
* [[Tahmoh Penikett]] as Lieutenant [[Karl Agathon|Karl "Helo" Agathon]]
* [[Paul Campbell]] as [[Billy Keikeya]]
* [[Samuel Witwer]] as Lieutenant [[Alex Quartararo|Alex "Crashdown" Quartararo]]
* [[Donnelly Rhodes]] as Dr. [[Sherman Cottle]]
* [[Jill Teed]] as Sergeant [[Hadrian]]
* [[Dominic Zamprogna]] as Specialist [[James Lyman|James "Jammer" Lyman]]
* [[Alonso Oyarzun]] as Specialist [[Socinus]]
* [[Nicki Clyne]] as Specialist [[Cally Tyrol|Cally Henderson]]
* [[Bodie Olmos]] as Lieutenant [[Brendan Costanza|Brendan "Hot Dog" Costanza]]
* [[Matthew Bennett]] as [[Aaron Doral]]
* [[Christina Schild]] as [[Playa Palacios|Playa Kohn]]
* [[Raahul Singh]] as [[Kimmit]]
* [[Shaw Madson]] as [[Marine Corporal]]
* [[Nimet Kanji]] as [[Candace Myson]]
* [[Biski Gugushe]] as [[Sekou Hamilton]]
* [[Morris Chapdelaine]] as Reporter #2

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{episode list (RDM season 1)}}

[[Category:Episodes written by Jeff Vlaming]]
[[Category:Episodes directed by Rod Hardy]]
[[Category:RDM]]

[[de:Das Tribunal]]
[[fr:Épisode:L'Attentat]]