Council Security is a civilian agency within the Fleet that is responsible for policing, prisons, and other security considerations of the civilians, including the Quorum of Twelve, yet also seem to act as military police.
Much like Colonial Warriors, they are armed with laser pistols and clearly have a presence aboard Galactica, as their uniforms (in later episodes only) of those stationed aboard Galactica bear the ship's insignia, and in an early episode they investigate a petty crime on the ship. Reese is a member of the organization.
The scope of their duties is not entirely clear. In "Lost Planet of the Gods, Part I," they appear to simply be police (and can be construed as evidence that the Colonial Warrior force does not have its own military police) – two such officers attempt to discover who stole provisions from Galactica's Officer's Mess, until thwarted by Colonel Tigh. In two later episodes, they are clearly serving the Council's interests and are at odds with the military. In the later episodes they also have jurisdiction over the prisoners of the Prison Barge, and perform prisoner transfer, as shown in "Baltar's Escape". Moreover, they guard, and answer directly to, the Quorum of Twelve (TOS: "Greetings From Earth"). It is quite possible that the Council Security are a branch of a more general Security force (as the early-episode officers are referred to simply as "Security"), or are even a separate organization. Another possibility is that the scope of their mandate changes over time as tensions between the civilian Council and Adama's military grows.
View on Council Security by the Warriors
It is evident that Council Security are viewed with disdain by Colonial Warriors (TOS: "Greetings From Earth," "Baltar's Escape"). For instance, Colonel Tigh comments to Siress Tinia that Council Security couldn't stop an escape from the Orphan Ship (TOS: "Baltar's Escape"). The antipathy is shown to be mutual in both of the later episodes.
Due to the color of their uniforms, some of the Warriors refer to them by the derogatory term "Blackshirts".
Notes
- Summary of apparent continuity problems: In the earlier episode, Blackshirts are merely referred to as Security officers. Also, the Blackshirts seen in that episode do not have Galactica's patch; however, they clearly, almost fearfully, recognize Tigh's authority. Later episodes' Council Security officers challenge the authority of the military personnel despite bearing the ship's insignia (which could simply be a costuming error), and by contrast with the earlier episode appear to have a civilian-only versus military role, suggesting that Security and Council Security could be different forces or that their scope has been changed by the Quorum.