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The Ties That Bind

2008-04-21T07:12:14Z

Keith Gow: /* Notes */ - Michael Taylor did not work on Star Trek: The Next Generation

{{Episode Data
| image=4x03 - The Ties That Bind - Promo 2.jpg
| title= The Ties That Bind
| season= 4
| episode= 3
| forumthread= 888
| guests=
| writer=[[Michael Taylor]]
| story=
| director=[[Michael Nankin]]
| production=405
| rating=
| US airdate=18 April 2008
| UK airdate=
| dvd=
| population=39676
| oldpopulation=39676
| prev= [[Six of One]]
| next= [[Escape Velocity]]
| promo=
| hulu=Y
}}

== Overview ==
:''[[Kara Thrace]] leads a [[Demetrius|ship]] in her search for [[Earth (RDM)|Earth]], while ''[[Galactica (RDM)|Galactica]]''<nowiki>'s</nowiki> crew deals with political and marital issues. On the [[Cylons (RDM)|Cylon]] side, the [[Significant Seven]]'s solidarity is challenged.

== Summary ==

=== On ''[[Galactica (RDM)|Galactica]]'' and the Colonial Fleet ===
* [[Cally Tyrol]], waking from [[Nicholas Tyrol|her son's]] cries, has dreams recalling arguments with her husband, [[Galen Tyrol|Galen]], of apparently finding herself spending more time alone with her child and Galen avoiding her through work or other activity. In one scene she is taking medication, perhaps to help her sleep, or to fight depression.
* The dark room is unkempt, and medication and baby formula bottles are stacked on a table.
* When Cally Tyrol realizes that Nicky is actually crying, she comforts him and returns him to his crib. She calls [[Anastasia Dualla|Dualla]], apparently to try to find her husband with no luck. She finds a napkin for [[Joe's bar]] in his clothing.
* At the bar, Galen Tyrol and [[Tory Foster]] are drinking [[ambrosia]] and other spirits. Galen laments that, before [[Final Five|their revelation]], he knew what he was: husband, crew chief, and father. Now, his identity is taking a beating.
* Foster flirts with Galen as Cally walks holding her son in a dreamy state (presumably drug related) to Joe's Bar. Cally's distorted vision believes she sees Foster touching Galen's arm seductively. Entering the bar, Cally angrily yells at Galen as he tries to explain. Angry and hurt, Cally takes her son and leaves the bar as Foster looks on, still drinking and not the least upset that she might have caused the Tyrol's strife.
*In [[sickbay]], Dr. [[Cottle]] administers to [[Laura Roslin]] another [[diloxin]] treatment, noting that the drug's nausea should go away in an hour.
* As Roslin tries to relax on the bed, [[William Adama]] sits by her bedside and begins to read from a book to her, ''[[Love and Bullets]]'', by Nick Talo, apparently a detective mystery novel.
* The book's passages of a character's lost love appear to reflect through Adama as he gazes at Roslin while he completes the passage: "From the moment I open my eyes, she's in my blood, bittersweet, tinged with regret. I'll never be free of her, nor do I want to be. For she is what I am, all that is, should always be."
* The scene shifts to a press conference on ''[[Colonial One]]'' where [[Lee Adama]] accepts appointment to the [[Caprica (RDM)|Caprican]] seat to the [[Quorum of Twelve (RDM)|Quorum]]. Vice President [[Tom Zarek]] is also in attendance.
*The press asks about questions of loyality between Lee Adama and his role in the [[Gaius Baltar]] trial, which Roslin dismisses.
* Reporter [[Playa Palacios]] asks about the whereabouts of the ''[[Demetrius]]'', missing now three weeks, Roslin defers the question to Admiral Adama, who cryptically explains that the ship is on a military mission. When [[Sekou Hamilton]] asks if [[Kara Thrace]] was made captain of that ship, Adama dismisses that as rumor.
*Roslin quickly ends the press conference. In her office, Roslin tells Adama she is surprised that the press took as long to ask about the ''Demetrius'' as they did. When Adama tells Roslin he think the issue will "blow over," Roslin disagrees. Not told of the mission, Roslin is angered that she may have to help Adama cover the true mission of the ship for a long time. Adama explains that he had to give Thrace a chance and himself a chance to believe in the [[Maelstrom|presumed-dead]] pilot, but Roslin only says, "Apparently." Adama leaves her office in silence.
*Galen Tyrol tries to explain to Cally that he and Tory Foster aren't having an affair, but Cally all but ignores him, telling him to drop their son off to the day care area and to ask the caregivers not to feed Nicky any of the [[algae mash]] as she thinks Nicky is allergic. Frustrated by Cally's avoidance of the subject, he slams his fist down on the table, upsetting his son, and tries to comfort him.
*On ''Colonial One'', Lee Adama is in a conference room for the Quorum meeting. Spotting the nameplate for Caprica, he tentatively sits down. Tom Zarek arrives, his mood dark. When Adama tells Zarek that he wanted to see Roslin to discuss some projects that [[Cowen]], his predecessor as Caprican delegate, had before she died, Zarek counters, explaining that, like himself, Roslin is keeping Adama on the sidelines. Zarek believes that Roslin does not forgive and forget easily. When Adama asks Zarek why he nominated him for the Quorum's side, Zarek tells him that it was because Adama stood up to defend Baltar and confront Roslin, he believed Adama would make an effective ally.
*Zarek feels that Roslin's increasingly secretive nature, by refusing to allow meeting to be recorded, is a sign of a larger issue, despite claiming to Adama that he remains loyal to Roslin. When Adama tells Zarek that he won't be giving a repeat of his work in Baltar's trial to undermine Roslin, saying that having a "benevolent tyrant" is better than the opposite, Zarek strongly disagrees. He asks Adama to trust him to aid in his fight to uncover the secrets that Roslin hides. He leaves a classified folder with Adama and leaves.
*In sickbay, Cally Tyrol asks for another sedative and for sleep, but Cottle objects, not wanting to turn his sickbay in an "opium den." He asks about her family life, which Cally tells all is not well since reaching the [[Ionian Nebula]].
*Cottle does side with Cally about her husband's problems, asking her to bring him in for examination. Cally smiles at Cottle's "tough love" stance but Cottle warns that she might actually be imagining things as her fatigue and drug use could be influencing her thoughts. Cally counters that she might, indeed be crazy, considering she married a man who [[Lay Down Your Burdens, Part I|once broke her jaw]]. When Cottle asks if that was the last time that Galen had attacked Cally, she responds that she'd wished that he'd do so again (taking Cottle's cigarette from his hand and taking a drag), if only for her to gauge what Galen really felt about her. Cottle tells her to get some rest.
*On ''Colonial One'', the Quorum meeting continues. [[Sagittaron]] Quorum delegate [[Jacob Cantrell]] strongly questions Roslin about the ''Demetrius'' mission, which she defers to answer out of matters of security. Others are visibly upset with Roslin's answer and of each other when Roslin tries to steer the meeting back to other matters of the floor while Zarek, acting as the chair of the meeting, tries to establish order.
*Lee Adama speaks out, trying to calm the others through inferring, based on his own military experience, that the president and Admiral Adama are exploring all possible routes to Earth. The Quorum audibly relaxes at Adama's words, but Roslin sees Adama as trying to be her "spokesperson" and chastises him. She directs Cantrell to continue with his discussion on medical supplies.
* Lee Adama calls a point of order, which Zarek uses to compels Contrell to yield the floor for Adama to speak. Adama brings up Executive Order 112, which would concentrate more executive power. The Quorum angrily erupts when Roslin tries to bury the issue.
*On ''Galactica'', Cally Tyrol sadly recalls her good times with her husband. She kisses her son and goes to close a door when she sees a note stuck in the door that tells her to meet at Weapons Locker 1701D.
* When Cally arrives, she finds her husband, [[Saul Tigh]] and Tory Foster entering. She opens a maintenance panel, tiny and dangerous, and enters to listen in on the conversation.
*What Cally hears shocks her more than the suggestion that her husband is having an affair. Tigh had left the note to meet at the weapons locker for Galen, and suddenly realizes that Cally could have intercepted the note. Tigh warns of the complications if Cally discovered that her husband was a Cylon.
* Cally's shock knocks a metal plate, which tumbles noisily down the ship's interior, a series of pipes and conduits that run dangerously deep from where Cally is standing. The others in the room halt their discussion for a moment before leaving. Cally escapes the tunnel and runs back to her quarters, but Foster leaves and notices that the maintenance panel was ajar.
* Cally is back in her quarters, visibly upset, when her husband returns.
* He tries to apologize, tell Cally that the affair never happened, and that his commitment to his family is paramount. But Cally believes that Galen used her to have a hybrid child and strikes him with a wrench, knocking him unconscious. She takes her son and leaves but not before taking a key from Galen's pocket.
* Walking through the corridors to the [[hangar deck]], Cally (still holding Nicky) enters a [[launch tube]]. She looks at the stars through a window, then opens a maintenance door. Inserting the key she took from Galen, Cally activates the launch tube airlock. Tory Foster arrives, and approaches Cally and Nicky.
* Cally closes the launch tube airlock door, sealing them inside. Foster tries to reason with Cally, asking her to think about what she's about to do to herself and to her child. Foster explains that they only recently found out they were Cylons, and that they are still the same people, and that they are as scared and confused as everyone else. Cally breaks down and collapses on her knees, apologizing to Nicky for what she was about to do to him. Foster comforts Cally and takes Nicky in her arms, then suddenly strikes Cally with surprising strength, knocking her to the deck and putting her in a daze.
* Foster retrieves the launch tube key and exits the launch tube, Nicky in her arms. When Cally comes to, she finds herself alone trapped in the airlock, and Tory inside the launch control booth. Tory uses the key to activate the launch controls and opens the outer airlock door, sending Cally to her death in open space.
* Admiral Adama breaks the news of Cally's death to a motionless, silent Tyrol.

=== On the ''[[Demetrius]]'' ===
* On day 22 of the mission, ''Demetrius'' continues on its mission to find [[Earth (RDM)|Earth]], with as many as four [[Viper Mark II]] fighters magnetically locked onto its top hull.
* Inside, Kara Thrace appears frustrated as she pours through star charts and other navigation data, trying to gain her fix on the direction of Earth. [[Felix Gaeta]] enters the room as Thrace tells him of a decision.
* In a mess hall on the dark, dirty ship, [[Diana Seelix]] asks in frustration what they are looking for in deep space. A pilot named [[Eammon Pike|Pike]], looking at the centerfold of ''[[Nymph]]'' magazine, explains that they are searching for a gas giant with rings orbiting a trinary star cluster with a comet. Seelix angrily retorts that the search is more like a "[[frak|cluster-frak]]" to her when [[Helo]] admonishes her.
* [[Sharon Agathon]] and [[Samuel Anders]] are also in the room.
* Some of the group complains that Thrace's repeated course corrections are pointless. When Pike says that he thinks ''Galactica'' is hounding them in secret, waiting for Thrace to show her "true colors" as a Cylon, Anders defends her. When the mood darkens more, Helo orders everyone to be quiet.
*Thrace is quietly approaching, listening to the conversation from above the mess hall deck, and soon yells for Helo to talk to him. Anders looks above him to Thrace (standing on steel mesh decking) and asks if there is more that she can tell them about their destination, but Thrace coldly admonishes him by rank for asking. Thrace gives Helo new [[FTL]] coordinates.
*Anders meets with Thrace, as she paints what she has seen on a bulkhead. Anders complains that she needs to open up more about the mission with the rest of the crew, but Thrace disagrees. Reminding her that some of them volunteered for the mission, Thrace steers Anders's concerns to that of their failed marriage. Anders joins their marital arm tattoos., trying to remind her of what is real. Thrace angrily tells Anders that she married him only because he was a safe choice and he was naive enough to do so.
*The two exchange more words. Thrace explains to Anders that she's not the same woman he married. He pushes her into a bunk as their anger dissolves into sex.
*After sex, Thrace questions that she and Anders's marriage was real. She questions how her feelings, her perceptions of her past, as if she were watching it from another "alien" body far away. Ander's face suggests comprehension about [[Final Five|feeling unsure of identity]].

=== On the [[Basestar (RDM)|basestar]]s ===
* On a [[Resurrection Ship]], a [[Number One]] is [[Resurrection (RDM)|resurrected]]. Another One tells his confused brother that he was shot by one of their own [[Cylon Centurion]]s. [[Sharon Valerii|Boomer]] is there with him.
* The first Number One wants to return to his baseship, but the second One tells him that he has been effectively kicked off from his own ship in a type of coup. Boomer apologizes that her swing vote to enforce the [[Cylon Raider (RDM)|Raider]] "reconfiguration" failed, and kisses him deeply.
*On the same baseship where the Centurions shot several [[humanoid Cylon]]s for their part in the Raider reconfiguration, a Number One returns to the conference room where a Centurion is busily cleaning up the mess caused by their shootout.
*The Number One tries to understand why [[Natalie]] shifted power, suggesting to reunify the group. Natalie explains that the Raiders were only a symptom of a larger problem: Cavil's [[Rapture|earlier pressure]] on the group to [[box]] all [[Number Three]]s. Natalie says that mere unification of the [[Significant Seven|seven]] is not enough. She and the Eights at the table tell Number One that unification with the [[Final Five]] is the desired goal. Natalie wants all the Threes unboxed and work on unifying with the Five to begin.
*Cavil dislikes the idea of resuming the D'Anna's "messianic quest" that seemed to lead the remaining Cylons to this juncture, but agrees to bring Natalie's case to the other models. Natalie orders a Centurion to escort Cavil off the ship, but it hesitates until she says, "please." Cavil warns her that removing the [[inhibitor]]s from the Centurions has caused a bigger problem than Natalie realizes.
*Later, two Number Ones tell Natalie and two Number Eights the result of the vote: The consensus is to unbox the Threes, although Cavil/One remains against the idea.
*An Eight tries to solicit the Ones' support since his side was outvoted, but Natalie agrees with the Ones that the vote does not give Natalie's side the right to change the feelings of the Ones and create more discord.
* Cavil/One tells Natalie that the Threes' consciousness is being downloaded in a central resurrection hub six jumps away. Still harboring bad feelings about the decision, the two sides agree to stay on different baseships as they make their way back to hear of the Threes' discovery on the [[algae planet]].
* Cylon baseships controlled by Cavil join the rest of the fleet at their destination, but without the [[Resurrection Ship]]. The newly-arrived baseships break formation and surround Natalie's baseships, then launch an attack.
* On Cavil's baseship, Boomer worries that murder, permanent killing of their own kind without chance of resurrection is wrong. Cavil says coldly that God will watch over the dying Cylons' immortal souls. When Boomer questions who will watch over their souls, Cavil says, "We're machines, dear. We don't have souls."

== Notes ==

* This episode sees no net loss of life in the [[The Fleet (RDM)|Fleet]], with the exception of [[Cally Tyrol]]'s death later in this episode, reducing the overall survivor count to 39,675.
* The number and alphabetical designation of the weapons locker, 1701D, is a ''[[MemoryAlpha:Star Trek: The Next Generation|Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' reference. 1701-D is the registry number for the ''[[MemoryAlpha:USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D)|USS Enterprise]]'' from that series, which [[Ronald D. Moore]] formerly worked on. Michael Taylor did write for the [[Star Trek]] franchise alongside Moore on [[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]].
*Like "[[He That Believeth In Me]]" and "[[Valley of Darkness]]", this episode's title is derived from Christian traditions; [[w:Blessed Be the Tie that Binds|Blessed Be the Tie that Binds]] is a Protestant hymn celebrating the unity that comes from love.
* Prior to the episode airing, [[Michael Taylor]] stated: "we say goodbye to another longtime character, though who that is and the manner of his or her departure should come as a surprise."<ref name="thewatcher">{{cite_web|url=http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/entertainment_tv/2007/11/answers-to-your.html|title=Answers to your 'Razor' questions and clues about 'Battlestar Galactica's' final season|date=16 November 2007|accessdate=16 November 2007|last=Ryan|first=Maureen}} </ref>
* The script was being written while "[[Razor]]" was still in pre-production.<ref name="thewatcher"/>
* For the first time since the second season, the journalist [[Sekou Hamilton]] makes an appearance.

== Analysis ==
[[Image:Orion belt.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Orion's belt. [[:Image:Orion belt highlighted.jpg|View Highlighted Version]].]]
* The constellation [[w:Orion (constellation)|Orion]] appears twice in this episode. It is clearly visible in the background of the basestars shortly before Cavil's ships begin to attack, and again when Cally looks out the window in the launch tube shortly before she is confronted by Foster. This would indicate that both fleets are relatively close to Earth.
*The ringed gas giant [[Kara Thrace|Starbuck]] claims to have seen is shown in this episode, bearing a striking resemblance to [[w:Jupiter|Jupiter]].
* The force with which Tory hits Cally indicates that the Final Five possess the Cylons' superhuman strength and if they possess this trait it is likely that the have other, physical Cylon traits as well.
* Foster also seems to be calmer, cooler, and more calculating than in the recent past. She appears to be more accepting of her Cylon nature than the others.
* Once again no one notices the use of a [[Launch tube (RDM)|launch tube]]. It is hard to believe that such a critical system is not monitored, especially at night when the hangar deck is deserted.
* Given that [[Sarah Porter]] is not present at the [[Quorum of Twelve (RDM)|Quorum]] meeting on ''Colonial One'', it is likely that she no longer is [[Gemenon (RDM)|Gemenon]]'s delegate.
* Cavil and Boomer apparently have some sort of relationship. This was hinted at in the previous episode, when she dances lightly attired in front of him, but unclear.
* Although in public [[Laura Roslin]] claims to have forgiven [[Lee Adama]], and even to admire his convictions, she apparently still holds a grudge for how he treated her during Baltar's trial. She refuses to see him to discuss political issues, and later snubs him in a Quorum session where she ribs on his inexperience.
* When learning that her husband is a Cylon, Cally remembers seeing him cutting his finger and licking off the blood. Tyrol may have done this to convince himself that he is human. The drop of blood hitting the floor is the same image used as a framing device in "[[Resistance (episode)|Resistance]]" to signify the connection between Tyrol and Boomer.
* The episode shows a lot about the Quorum of Twelve and about the state of fleet politics in general. The Quorum meeting is reminiscent in format of [[w:Question Time|Question Time]], a tradition of many parliamentary systems including that of the United Kingdom and Canada.
**The rowdiness and backtalk of the Quorum in particular is reminiscent of Prime Minister's Questions. However, unlike in Prime Minister's Questions or similar Question Time periods in real life parliaments, President Roslin makes some attempt at directing the meeting, rather than adopting the defensive posture the British Prime Minister is placed into. This suggests either a stronger constitutional role for the president or a further consolidation of power by Roslin.
** The Quorum is also, at least at this point, a non-partisan body. While parliaments and legislatures in real life are divided along party lines, there is no sign of this here. In particular, while government backbenchers usually ask flattering questions in contrast to the more challenging questions posed by the opposition, Adama is openly chastised by Roslin for attempting to ask an easy question.
*Cally plans to blow herself and Nicky into space, something that she experienced but survived in "[[A Day in the Life]]". This may indicate that she believes, on the basis of her earlier experience, that it would be relatively quick and painless for both of them. It seems unlikely that she would choose what she felt would be a particularly unpleasant death, especially for her son.

== Questions ==

* Are all of the "renegade" Cylon faction baseships destroyed? Does Natalie escape?
* Will the renegade models be boxed?
* Now that power has shifted to the more aggressive models, will the Cylon renew their attacks on the humans, or will the stress and distraction of the Cylon civil war protect the human fleet for the time being?
* Does the vague warning given by Cavil to Natalie about removing the inhibitors hint towards a Centurion rebellion against the humanoid Cylons?
* Will Boomer abandon Cavil's side now that he has resorted to lethal measures against Natalie's faction?
* Is the execution of the Sixes, Eights, and Twos limited to the Cylon fleet or does it stretch also to the Cylon homeworld?
* Has [[Hera Agathon|Hera]] been left in foster care by her parents? If so, who have they found to look after her?
* What is Foster's motivation for killing Cally Tyrol?
* What will Tyrol do should he discover that it was Foster who ejected Cally into space?
* Will Cally's death be declared as another execution that went unnoticed, such as those performed by the [[Circle]]?
* Are Foster's actions indicating a gradual shifting of her allegiance from the humans to the Cylons?

== Official Statements ==

== Noteworthy Dialogue ==

*''[[William Adama]] reads the opening of ''[[Love and Bullets]]'':''
:"It started like it always did. With a body. This one was in the river, and I could tell she had once been beautiful, but this bullet and fast current had taken away from her. All we are, or that we think we are, all that we are certain about, is taken away from us. When you've worked the streets and seen what I've seen, you become more and more convinced of it every day. [[Caprica City]] has been my teacher, my mistress. From the moment I opened my eyes, she is in my blood, like cheap wine. Bitter and sweet, tinged with regret. I'll never be free of her, nor do I wanna be, for she is what I am. All that is, should always be."

*''[[Tom Zarek]] and [[Lee Adama]] about [[Laura Roslin|Roslin]]'s leadership:''
:'''Adama:''' Well, sometimes a benevolent tyrant is exactly what you need.
:'''Zarek:''' No. A tyrant craves power for its own sake. And all Laura wants is to save us all.

*''[[Samuel Anders]] confronts [[Kara Thrace]]:''
:'''Anders:''' You know, some of us actually volunteered for this mission.
:'''Thrace:''' "Some" meaning you. Because that's what this is about, Sam. You know what the deal is, with us, with our marriage? It didn't make much sense to begin with. Makes even less now.
:'''Anders:''' I don't buy that. I don't think you believe a single, frakking word you're saying. You're just scared. You see that, mhh? You see [[Arts and Literature of the Twelve Colonies#Kara Thrace .26 Samuel Anders|this]]? Remember those? You remember when we got 'em? That's what's real, ok. That's part of who we are. That is a part of what ''you'' are, whether you will admit it or not.
:'''Thrace:''' Dumb motherfrakker. I only married you because it was safe and it was easy, Sam. And you were just pathetic enough to go along with it. So get the frak out! (She shoves him out) Sam, get out! Get out! Leave, come on! Get out! (Anders takes her by the arms and holds her. They are almost kissing.) I don't want to fight, Sam. I wanna frak. You don't get it, do you? I'm not the same girl you married. All I wanna do right now is frak. Really frak, like it's the end of the world and nothing else matters. So come on, Sam, make me feel something. I dare you.
:(Anders shoves her away, then gives her a second shove onto the bunk bed.)

== Guest Stars ==

* [[Michael Hogan]] as Colonel [[Saul Tigh]]
* [[Aaron Douglas]] as CPO [[Galen Tyrol]]
* [[Tahmoh Penikett]] as Captain [[Karl Agathon|Karl "Helo" Agathon]]
* [[Michael Trucco]] as Ensign [[Samuel Anders]]
* [[Nicki Clyne]] as [[Cally Henderson Tyrol]]
* [[Alessandro Juliani]] as Lieutenant [[Felix Gaeta]]
* [[Richard Hatch]] as [[Tom Zarek]]
* [[Donnelly Rhodes]] as Doctor [[Cottle]]
* [[Matthew Bennett]] as [[Number Five]]
* [[Rekha Sharma]] as [[Tory Foster]]
* [[Dean Stockwell]] as [[Number One]]
* [[Jen Halley]] as Ensign [[Diana Seelix|Diana "Hardball" Seelix]]
* [[Christina Schild]] as [[Playa Palacios]]
* [[Biski Gugushe]] as [[Sekou Hamilton]]
* [[Finn R. Devitt]] as [[Nicholas Tyrol]] (credited as "Baby Nicky")
* [[Donna Soares]] as Speaking Delegate #1
* [[Andrew McIlroy]] as [[Jacob Cantrell]]
* [[Judith Maxie]] as [[Picon (RDM)|Picon]] Delegate
* [[Iris Paluly]] as Speaking Delegate #2
* [[Ryan McDonell]] as Lieutenant [[Eammon Pike|Eammon "Gonzo" Pike]]
* [[Marilyn Norry]] as [[Reza Chronides]]
* [[Leo Li Chiang]] as the [[tattooed pilot]] (uncredited)

== External Links ==
*Composer [[Bear McCreary]] on the episode's score: http://www.bearmccreary.com/blog/?p=245

== References ==
<div style="font-size:85%"><references/></div>

{{Episode list (RDM season 4)}}

[[Category:RDM]]

[[de:The Ties That Bind]]

Black Market

2006-01-29T08:59:57Z

Keith Gow: /* Notes */

:''For information on the black market itself, see [[Black market (organization)]].''

{{Episode Data|
Image = [[Image:Black_Market-Lee.jpg|300px]]
| Title= Black Market
| Series= [[Battlestar Galactica (RDM)|The Re-imagined Series]]
| Season= [[Season 2 (2005-06)|2]]
| Episode= 14
| Guests=[[Richard Hatch]] ([[Tom Zarek]]) [http://imdb.com/name/nm0006419/ Claudette Mink] ([[Shevon]]) [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0004886/ Bill Duke] ([[Phelan]]) Hayley Guiel ([[Paya]]) Unknown ([[Weller]]) Unknown ([[Beach]]) [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0065320/ Graham Beckel] ([[Jack Fisk|CMDR Fisk]]) [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+Leah+Cairns Leah Cairns] ([[Margaret Edmonson|Racetrack]]) [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+Amy+Ciupak+Lalonde Amy Lalonde] [[Gianne]] John Mann (Linden) [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+Brad+Mann Brad Mann] (Pegasus Marine) [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+James+Ashcroft James Ashcroft] (Security Officer) [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+Gustavo+Febres Gustavo Febres] (Herbalist)
| Writer=[http://imdb.com/name/nm0894156/ Mark Verheiden]
| Story=
| Director=[http://imdb.com/name/nm0372138/ James Head]
| Production=
| Rating=
| US Airdate=January 27 2006
| UK Airdate=
| DVD=
| Population=49,597
| Prev= [[Epiphanies]]
| Next= [[Scar]]
}}



== Overview ==

: ''Captain [[Lee Adama]], battling haunting demons of his own from a spurned love lost on Caprica, investigates the murder of new ''[[Pegasus (RDM)|Pegasus]]'' commander [[Jack Fisk]], and uncovers a black market that strains the resources of the Fleet.''

== Summary ==

*The recovered President [[Laura Roslin]], feeling behind in her work since her absence, discusses her plan to eliminate black market problems with internal trade of supplies within the [[The Fleet (RDM)|Fleet]] in Adama's quarters with Admiral [[William Adama|Adama]], ''[[Pegasus (RDM)|Pegasus]]'' Commander [[Jack Fisk|Fisk]], and Dr. [[Gaius Baltar|Baltar]].
*When he arrives back in his quarters on ''Pegasus'' (Cain's old quarters) Fisk is garroted by several black market gangsters. One in particular stands out as a well-dressed "businessman".
*[[Lee Adama]], severely depressed since his ejection from the [[Blackbird]], has apparently been nurturing a relationship on ''[[Cloud 9]]'' with a woman named [[Shevon]], who has a young daughter named [[Paya]].
*In a "morning after" talk, Lee and Shevon talk in tones that hint towards his wanting of a serious relationship. Shevon appears to dodge these, and requests 100 extra cubits as Lee is leaving since he "stayed the night".
*In flashback scenes, we see a past love of Lee Adama on Caprica. She's exceptionally pretty, and the scenes revolve around a rendevous between Lee and this girl, which resolves with her running away. The details and intensity of these flashbacks increase as the episode progresses.
*Unaware that Fisk was murdered, Baltar stumbles into Fisk's quarters to see him but finds Lee Adama on the scene. After stating (correctly) that he had nothing to do with Fisk's murder, he storms out. Apollo deduces correctly that Baltar was actually trading for a hard to find commodity: "Caprica Imperials" [[Fumarella leaf|fumerellos]] that Fisk had.
*Apollo finds a small fortune of luxury goods in Fisk's closet, including a gold bracelet with the monogram "E.T" on it. Apollo realizes it's [[Ellen Tigh]]'s, and confront's Col. [[Saul Tigh]] about it in his quarters. Tigh says that it was he and not his wife who traded it to Fisk for good liquor, fruit, etc. for Ellen and himself. Tigh explains that Fisk was deeply involved in using ''Pegasus'' as a hub to fence black market goods.
*Dr. [[Cottle]]'s autopsy finds cubits jammed in Fisk's mouth, perhaps as a warning. Adama realizes that Fisk was trying to undercut one of his black market suppliers, and they took revenge. Adama is angry that Tigh would use the black market, but Tigh counters that almost everyone does some trading with it to get things they need, even Adama, who responds that just because everyone does it doesn't mean it's right.
*On ''[[Colonial One]]'', President Roslin, piecing together her [[Epiphanies|near-death recollections of Caprica]], becomes aware of Baltar's pre-holocaust contact with a copy of the Cylon agent known to the Fleet as [[Number Six|"Shelly Godfrey" and "Gina"]]. She candidly asks Dr. Baltar, her vice president, to resign.
*Baltar's pride is wounded. While he never wanted any political power in his life or the office at first, he wants to stay VP now. Roslin tells him it's not an offer she'll make again, but he leaves anyway.
*Off duty, working out in ''Galactica's'' gym, [[Anastasia Dualla]] comes to [[Lee Adama]] to bravely ask if their flirtation while working out is leading somewhere. Adama has no idea what to say, and Dualla takes the quiet hint.
*Lee Adama rushes to Shevon's quarters on ''Cloud 9'' after she calls for help. He finds the bruised Shevon and Paya, and decides to take them to ''Galactica''.
*As Lee is packing things up to leave, he is ambushed by thugs, who nearly garrote him. As he is held within a breath of his life, he is confronted by a well-dressed, blunt "businessman", who warns him to back off of the investigation. A pistol-whip to the head knocks Lee out.
*Apollo awakens to find an empty room, and calls for a medic and security team. Only then does he notice the corpse of the man that garroted Fisk.
*[[Tom Zarek]] drops by the scene in Shevon's room later, and discusses the black market with Apollo. Zarek says that he's not actually not involved with it, because he needs to keep his hands clean, but he also won't help Apollo shut it down (giving ship names, contacts, etc.) because Zarek doesn't want it shut down; it's evidence that Roslin was unable to establish a utopian society in the Fleet, and successfully dismantling it would just prove her right.
*Zarek points out that the black market does get supplies where they are needed. Nonetheless, Zarek mentions the central hub of the black market, ''[[Prometheus]]'', a ship so lawless it's practically "off the grid", where you can supposedly get anything. Zarek gives a name to the "businessman" -- [[Phelan]] -- and tells Apollo that he probably took Shevon there. Additionally, he points out that Phelan has given Lee the murderer -- the thug with a bullet in his head -- and that it should be considered "a way out."
*On ''Prometheus'', alone, Lee Adama searches and finds Paya and other children locked up.
*Apollo encounters Phelan in the ''Prometheus's'' bar. Apollo warns that ''Galactica'' is fully aware of his location, and that the battlestar would vent ''Prometheus's'' air into space unless he gets Shevon and Paya back, and the black market is shut down.
*Phelan counters that the Fleet needs the black market; it's like a pressure valve. Whenever a ship falls behind in the supply schedule, the black market fills the need. Phelan states that they sell all things to fill all wants, including ''child'' prostitution. Adama is horrified. Shevon is dragged out and admits to her work for Phelan as a prostitute.
*Phelan illustrates to Apollo that the only way Shevon was able to obtain life-saving antibiotics for Paya was the use of the black market. Taking a gun from one of Phelan's guards, Adama points it threateningly at Phelan. Surprisingly, two other guards behind Lee neither help or hinder him.
*Apollo says to Phelan that he may be right, maybe he shouldn't try to shut down the market, but that there are lines that should never be crossed, and Phelan has crossed them. When Phelan confidently tells Adama that he won't shoot him, because he's not a thug like Phelan, Adama contemplates. Lee then cycles through another series of flashbacks of his lost relationship on Caprica... and pulls the trigger. With a look of shock frozen on his face, Phelan slumps into his chair and dies.
*Apollo turns to Phelan's guards, also in shock, and tells them that he's not going to shut down all black market trade because the Fleet needs it for vital supplies whether he likes it or not. However, they continue their business at his whim only. If there are more killings, hold back essential medicines, or use children, he will annihilate them without restraint.
*In tears, Shevon refuses Adama. She rightly proports that Lee was trying to replace his lost Caprican relationship -- where the girl had either gotten pregnant or wanted to get pregnant, and Lee had become afraid and reserved -- with Shevon and Paya. In straightforward terms, Shevon states that she and Paya cannot replace that loss.
*Back on ''Colonial One'', the Adamas present their reports to the President. Roslin is upset that Apollo did not shut down the black market, but Apollo counters that they will never have a perfect system and there will always be a black market. At least this way, they know where and who they are, and can monitor it to keep a measure of control. Admiral Adama fully supports Lee, but Roslin isn't at all happy with this and dismisses them rudely.
*Tom Zarek is seen walking through a crowd on the ''Prometheus'' with one of Phelan's old henchmen in tow.
*Admiral Adama and Lee Adama sit casually in the admiral's quarters over a drink, discussing the results of the black market issue. Admiral Adama tells his son that Lee has changed since the Blackbird ditching, but when the younger Adama declines to talk about it further, the older one relents. However, and somewhat amusingly, the elder Adama adds that he is disappointed that he did not disclose the nature of his relationship with "that woman" to him earlier, something Lee was not aware his father knew.

== Questions ==
*How were the black market gangsters able to penetrate ''Pegasus''' security, causing the death of its second commanding officer in a short period?
**It is likely that ''Pegasus'' draconian command structure allows for abuse, and Fisk's own use of the market led to tacit protection of it, including its figurehead, Phelan.
*At the end of the episode, Zarek is seen walking in a crowd on the ''Prometheus'', with one of Phelan's old men nearby. Is Zarek going to try to fill the power vacuum left in the wake of Phelan's death? Was it just showing how everyone needs to use the black market, even someone like Tom Zarek who claims to wash his hands of involvement with it?
**Did Zarek somehow set up the entire incident to get Apollo to kill Phelan for him, allowing him to take over control of the black market?
*The woman that William Adama (father) discusses with Lee Adama (son). Is it Shevon, the prostitute (the obvious, close-at-hand issue)? Or, is it the girl back on Caprica (the deeper-seated, much more affecting issue)?
*Why hasn't Roslin openly accused Baltar of collaborating with the Cylons after "[[Epiphanies]]"?
**Possibly it is because she has no actual "evidence", and she remembered seeing him when her mind was in shambles dying of cancer, so she may not feel confident enough in this revelation to act on it more openly. However, it does seem to have influenced her to the point that unoficially, she no longer trusts Baltar.
*Did Apollo's pregnant former love on Caprica actually die, or is she perhaps one of the handful of survivors? Or worse, a prisoner in one of the Cylon [[Farms]]?
*Who will take command of ''Pegasus'' following Fisk's death?
**Answer in spoilers text box
{{spoiltext|An officer named [[Barry Trammel]] is promoted to replace Fisk as commander of ''Pegasus''. ("[[The Captain's Hand]]").}}

== Analysis ==

*Ron D. Moore admits in his podcast that this episode did not live up to his expectations. The long complaint about failed goals he made in his blog was actually about this episode, and not "[[Downloaded]]", as speculated by other unofficial sources.
*It may be that Moore was attempting to work the story as a detective mystery, but fell short of the goal.
*Apollo's recent angst may appear to some viewers as rather hastily added to the character, much like the issues involving [[Laura Roslin]]'s miraculously fast recovery from her cancer in the [[Epiphanies|previous episode]].
*The Apollo-Dualla relationship, a story thread running since "[[Resistance]]", appears to have been stopped very abruptly, with only Adama's angst as an excuse in ending their flirtation. The manner in which Dualla and Adama speak to each other appeared out of character. Dualla later appears with [[Billy Keikeya]], where he says little, and Dualla appears ready to give Adama up and continue things more seriously with Billy. Actor Paul Campbell (Billy) has been filming a lot of TV pilots and other projects, so he hasn't had much to do this season. But, in comparison to [[Cally]] or [[Kat]], who now seem better developed, Billy's character appears underused.
*Much of the regular cast, including [[Kara Thrace]], [[Sharon Valerii]],[[Helo]], [[Felix Gaeta]], [[Galen Tyrol]], and [[Cally]] do not appear in this episode. Baltar's virtual [[Number Six]] is seen in what some may feel was a distracting appearance, taunting Baltar on ''Pegasus'' and in the meeting with Roslin.
*Col. Tigh is merely a person to be interviewed in Apollo's investigation. Dr. [[Cottle]]'s screen time has increased in the last two episodes, although his character's contribution may be too short for some.
*Like many "pulp" murder mysteries, the episode appeared without a special point or purpose other than to unravel the mystery. Perhaps the writers were attempting to stress the ''realism'' of living in a "Rag Tag Fugitive Fleet" of civilians; yes, there would probably be gangsters carving out fiefdoms who would run drug, medicine, and prostitution rackets. The show took a really dark turn when it made mention of child prostitution. Once again, this isn't anything that several police-dramas airing at the same time of night as BSG haven't done, and nothing is "shown"; a character just mentions in dialog that he runs a ring of this, and the "good guy" promptly kills him and shuts it down. However, the entire idea of the drug rings, etc. is a little disturbing, even if entirely logical.
*The storyline of Apollo's pregnant girlfriend on Caprica was intriguing. However, confusion entered in with Shevon's line of Adama's old flame "want(ing) to give you a child". Many viewers may not have understood that Adama's old love was actually already pregnant. The repetitive flashback, which did not vary, did little to advance the plot and may have made viewing less comfortable.
*The plausibility of [[Jack Fisk]] being killed as easily as Cain was implausible. Admiral Adama is now escorted by marines at all times. With Cain's [[Number Six#Gina|killer still on the loose]], it would rational for Fisk to have some paranoia.
**Phelan and his men clearly had access to Fisk already, so it may not be all that implausible.
**Considering that an attempt on Adama's life has already happened once, marines should have been escorting him from the very beginning. With Fisk and Cain now both dead, there may be a standing Fleet or Colonial military order in place that automatically activates, similar to such real-world orders in the US military.
*The scene between Baltar and Roslin was interesting in its scripting and acting. Roslin is determined to be ''extremely'' polite, forceful, and cheery despite the fact that she's making a power play and now ''knows'' Baltar has something to do with the fall of the Colonies. Viewers should probably expect this revelation to come to a head at the close of season 2.

== Notes ==
*Survivor count for this episode was 49,597. That's one less from last week's episode, "[[Epiphanies]]" in which a suicide bomber attacked the tylium refinery. However, bodies are seen blasted into space, and Adama actually says in dialog "people are dead", so more than one should have died. However, this number is occasionally offset by new babies born in the Fleet, which can account for some small discrepancies.
*Zarek notes that he is the representative of the ''Astral Queen'', although in "[[Colonial Day]]", he was elected to represent the colony of Sagittaron. Given the nature of the conversation, however, he may have been speaking of his responsibilities in a less-than-official capacity.
*Central characters [[Kara Thrace|Starbuck]] and [[Sharon Valerii]] do not appear in this episode.
*Fisk, Phelan, and Apollo all use the term "cigar" in this episode. The use of the term "cigar", as opposed to the normal term of [[fumarello]], was a curious find in the episode. Like the mistaken use of "RADAR" instead of [[DRADIS]] in a past episode, this is likely a problem involving writers who apparently missed doing their homework on terminology from the [[series bible]] and past episodes.
**More problematic was Adama's use of the term Cuban, in reference to the specific type of cigar that Baltar likes which Fisk sent him.
*As seen in [[Final Cut]], there are occasionally meetings of all the ships in the fleet.
*Bill Duke (Phelan) also appeared in the scifi film [[Wikipedia:Predator|Predator]], and will play Bolivar Trask in the upcoming [[Wikipedia:X-Men_3|X-Men 3]].
*Helo does not appear in this episode. This is only the second episode that he has not appeared in; the other was "[[Fragged]]".
*Tyrol does not appear in this episode. This is only the second episode he has not appeared in; the first was "[[Home, Part I]]".
*The "R&D Animation" skit during the credits is a parody of the scifi film "[[Wikipedia:The_Thing|The Thing]]": David Eick transforms into a horrific multi-tentacled monster from the film and attacks Ron Moore.

== Noteworthy Dialogue ==

*"You're not gonna shoot. You're not like me. You're not gonna--(''Apollo shoots him in the chest midsentence'')--Uhuhhh..."
:—''The last words of Phelan''

== Official Statements ==

*''In an interview in issue #197 of TV Zone, James Callis (Dr. [[Gaius Baltar]]) said'': "Mary and I had a great deal of fun doing a scene where the President tells Baltar in no uncertain terms that she doesn’t like him and wants him to resign. He’s not very happy about that."

== Statistics ==



{{Episode List}}

[[Category:A to Z]]
[[Category:Episode Guide (RDM)]]
[[Category:RDM]]

Battlestar Galactica (TRS)

2005-11-14T07:47:41Z

Keith Gow: /* Writing Staff */

{{shortcut|TNS}}
{{shortcut|TRS}}

A re-imagining of the original ''Battlestar Galactica'', currently in its second season.

==Summary==
Considered a "[[re-imagining]]", this series is a version of the 1970s ''Battlestar Galactica'' made more suitable to the sensibilities of the 21st Century. Tackling issues of civil rights, survival, terrorism, and religion, ''Battlestar Galactica'' is an epic following the survivors of the human race -- which number under 50,000. The ''[[Galactica]]'' finds herself leading a rag-tag refugee fleet on a lonely (and quite possibly, ficticious) quest for [[Earth]], with turmoil from within and danger from without.

==Cast==
===Stars===
* [[Olmos, Edward James|Edward James Olmos]] as [[Adama, William|Commander William Adama]]
* [[McDonnell, Mary|Mary McDonnell]] as [[Roslin, Laura|President Laura Roslin]]
* [[Sackhoff, Katee|Katee Sackhoff]] as [[Thrace, Kara|Lieutenant Kara "Starbuck" Thrace]]
* [[Bamber, Jamie|Jamie Bamber]] as [[Lee Adama|Captain Lee "Apollo" Adama]]
* [[Callis, James|Jame Callis]] as [[Baltar, Gaius|Doctor Gaius Baltar]]
* [[Helfer, Tricia|Tricia Helfer]] as [[Number Six]]
* [[Park, Grace|Grace Park]] as [[Valerii, Sharon|Sharon Valerii]]
===Co-stars===
* [[Hogan, Michael|Michael Hogan]] as [[Tigh, Saul|Colonel Tigh]]
* [[Douglas, Aaron|Aaron Douglas]] as [[Tyrol, Galen|CPO Tyrol]]
* [[Penikett, Tahmoh|Tahmoh Penikett]] as [[Agathon, Karl C.|Lieutenat Karl "Helo" Agathon]]
* [[McClure, Kandyse|Kandyse McClure]] as [[Dualla|Petty Officer 2nd Class Dualla]]
* [[Campbell, Paul|Paul Campbell]] as [[Keikeya, Billy|Billy Keikeya]]
* [[Juliani, Alessandro|Alessandro Juliani]] as [[Lieutenant Gaeta]]
* [[Witwer, Samuel|Samual Witwer]] as [[Crashdown]]

==Production Crew==
===Producers===
* [[Moore, Ronald D.|Ronald D. Moore]] - Developer / Executive Producer / Writer
* [[Eick, David|David Eick]] - Executive Producer
* [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+Toni+Graphia Toni Graphia] - Co-Executive Producer / Writer
* [[Frand, Harvey|Harvey Frand]] - Producer
* [[Larson, Glen A.|Glen A. Larson]] - Consulting Producer

===Directors===
* [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+Michael+Angeli Michael Angeli]
* [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+Marita+Grabiak Marita Grabiak]
* [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+Rod+Hardy Rod Hardy]
* [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+Alan+Kroeker Alan Kroeker]
* [[Olmos, Edward James|Edward James Olmos]]
* [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+Jonas+Pate Jonas Pate]
* [[Rymer, Michael|Michael Rymer]]
* [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+Jeff+Woolnough Jeff Woolnough]

===Writing Staff===
* [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+Sergio+Mimica-Gezzan Sergio Mimica-Gezzan]
* [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+Carla+Robinson Carla Robinson]
* [[Bradley Thompson]]
* [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+Brad+Turner Brad Turner]
* [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+Jeff+Vlaming Jeff Vlaming]
* [[David Weddle]]
* [http://us.imdb.com/M/person-exact?+Robert+Young Robert Young]

==Episodes==
*[[Mini-Series]] (2003)
===Season 1 (2004-05)===
*1.01 [[33]]
*1.02 [[Water]]
*1.03 [[Bastille Day]]
*1.04 [[Act of Contrition]]
*1.05 [[You Can't Go Home Again]]
*1.06 [[Litmus]]
*1.07 [[Six Degrees of Separation]]
*1.08 [[Flesh and Bone]]
*1.09 [[Secrets and Lies]] (aka: [[Tigh Me Up, Tigh Me Down]])
*1.10 [[The Hand of God]]
*1.11 [[Colonial Day]]
*1.12 [[Kobol's Last Gleaming, Part I]]
*1.13 [[Kobol's Last Gleaming, Part II]]
===Season 2 (2005-06)===
*2.01 [[Scattered]]
*2.02 [[Valley of Darkness]]
*2.03 [[Fragged]]
*2.04 [[Resistance]]
*2.05 [[The Farm]]
*2.06 [[Home, Part I]]
*2.07 [[Home, Part II]]
*2.08 [[Final Cut]]
*2.09 [[Flight of the Phoenix]]
*2.10 [[Pegasus (episode)|Pegasus]]
*2.11 [[Resurrection Ship]]
*2.12 [[Epiphanies]]
*2.13 [[Black Market]]
*2.14 [[Sacrifice]]
*2.15 [[The Captain's Hand]]

== Official Statements ==

* ''"Apart from the fleet, is there any chance that there are other survivers? Clearly ''[[Colonial One]]'' would not have gotten to every ship that was in transit and those that had [[FTL]] could have escaped as well."''

:We are talking about shows that deal with other survivors right now. Don't ask about the [[Pegasus]] -- I [still] haven't made up my mind yet.

* ''"Will we see any of the [[:Category:Cast (TOS)|origonal cast (sic)]] appart from [[Richard Hatch]]? "''

: It's possible, but not yet on the board. -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

* ''"Why [[frak|"frack" (sic)]]? Where did the idea come from to make this the new F-word? Not that I don't like it, I find it amusing."''

: It's straight out of the [[Battlestar Galactica (TOS)|original series]]. I dropped many other terms from the old show like "[[centon]]" (a unit of measurement) and "[[yahren]]" (year) because I felt they distracted from the mood I was trying to create and they sounded a bit silly to my ear. There was something elegantly lovely about "[[frak]]," however. There's nothing like being able to say my favorite four letter word on TV over and over again and I salute [[Larson, Glen A.|Glen Larson]] for giving the joys of frakking up, frakking off, not giving a frak, and frakking-A to the masses. -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

* ''"Why does the doctor smoke?"''

:Because smoking is cool. Don't let anyone tell you different, kid.

:Seriously, we're showing people doing what people really do and not all of their choices are smart ones. We smoke, we drink, we have sex with the wrong partners -- we make lots of bad choices and some of them we do knowingly and in full cognizance of the risks and consequences. Dr. [[Cottle]] obviously knows the risks associated with smoking and he elects to do it anyway -- that's his choice.

:I'm also frankly tired of all the anti-smoking p.c. crap that we're bombarded with these days and I decided that this was a world without all that. Call it my one sop [Standard Operating Procedure] to the idea of an idealized society, the notion that adults can make informed choices and not be nagged to death or run out of public spaces for making choices that others may not like or agree with. -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

* ''"What is the rank structure? It doesn't seem consistant with the Navy."''

:The rank structure is derived from the [[Battlestar Galactica (TOS)|original series]]. I didn't want to change Commander [[Adma, William|Adama]] to Captain Adama or Colonel [[Tigh, Saul|Tigh]] to Commander Tigh, so I elected to simply embrace the co-mingled nature of the original rank structure. For our internal purposes, we've decided that the ranks are indeed a mixture of naval and army nomenclature and are basically as follows:

:'''Officers''' --
:Admiral
:Commander
:Colonel
:Major
:Captain
:Lieutenant
:Lieutenant (junior grade)
:Ensign

:'''Enlisted''' --
:Master Chief Petty Officer
:Chief Petty Officer
:Petty Officer (1st, 2nd Class)
:Specialist
:Deck Hand
:Recruit

:Just to complicate matters further, there are also [[Marines]] aboard ''[[Galactica]]'' which conform more closely to the traditional enlisted Marine ranks, with Sergeants, Sergeant-Majors, etc. Unresolved is the question of whether the Marine officers would also adhere to the mixed rank structure (which sounds odd) or if they are strictly army equivalents (which makes no sense given that the "Navy" ranks seem oblivious to there being any such distinction). Aren't you glad you asked? -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

* ''"Will we see the mess hall and other parts of the ship such as the main Kitchen where all the meals are prepared?"''

:I'd like to. It's a question of budget; there has to be a story point or scene so cool that we just have to build this set. The Head (bathroom to you lubbers) was built in the [[33|pilot]] specifically so we'd have it around during the series. -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

* ''"Was this the first show to ever show a bathroom on a space ship?"''

:It's ground-breaking TV, baby. Talk about reinventing the genre. -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

:'''Note:''' While we are uncertain as to what show as the "first" to show a bathroom on a space ship, we know that this series was not the first to do so. One of the few shows prior to ''Battlestar'' to show a bathroom was, in fact, a second season episode of ''Babylon 5''.

* ''"Minor question: was [[Galactica]] ever re-commissioned? As I recall, the ship was decommissioned right before the [[Cylon attack]]. It'd be nice to show the ceremony if they ever get a free moment."''

:It's an interesting point. Might be something to play at some point, but more really as an "Oh, I haven't thought about it, but..." kind of thing. -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

* ''"The question I would really like to see addressed is how to reconcile the underlying quest of ''Battlestar Galactica'' with actual scientific plausiability. The quest of Battlestar Galactica is to find [[Earth]], the 13th Colony. However, it is a basic and well-substantiated tenet of science that human life here on Earth evolved slowly from a primate ancestor. Attempts to deny evolution based on the notion that human kind deserves a far more worthy origin than what evolution details, are a diservice to the pursuit of scientific truth and endeavors in our own world. There was always that reactionary sense to the original series, which drove it away from a secure standing as *science* fiction. How will the new series avoid this pitfall?"''

:I don't have a direct answer for this question yet. There are a couple of notions rolling around in my head as to how we reconcile the very real fact of evolution with the ''Galactica'' mythos, but I haven't decided which approach to take. However, it was a fundamental element of the [[Battlestar Galactica (TOS)|orginal (sic) ''Galactica'']] mythos that "Life here began out there..." and I decided early on that it was crucial to maintain it. -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

*''"How did you come to decide upon [[Edward James Olmos]] and [[Mary McDonnell]] for their roles? This kind of project seems somewhat out of their typical genre - did either have second thoughts about taking on the project?"''

:Eddie and Mary were actually the archetypes for the characters when we were developing the series. [[Eick, David|David Eick]] and I used to sit around and talk about what kind of actors would play [[Adama, William|Adama]] and [[Roslin, Laura|Laura]] and we always talked about these two Oscar level actors as our dream duo for the series, but we never really thought we'd get them. They've told the story themselves of why they decided to do the project, but in essence, they really responded to the [[Mini-Series|pilot script]] and saw a lot of potential in the characters so they went for it, to our everlasting gratitude. -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

* "Are you using military advisors and if so, from what branch?"

:We don't have a full time military advisor on staff. However, we did have [[Blecker, Ron|an advisor]] on set during the miniseries, who also put the principal actors through a "boot camp" before shooting. I can't honestly remember his name or service branch (sorry if you're reading this!) As far as the scripts go, [[Bradley Thompson]], [[David Weddle]], and I provide a lot of the military technical details based on our own knowledge base. -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

* ''"I'll second the question - why is it that the paper in the Galactica universe has the corners cut off, even the tractor fed printer sheets! i just want to know."''

:This is a closely guarded secret of the show and certainly not a wacky design element that someone came up with during the [[Mini-Series|miniseries]]. -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

:'''Note:''' It has been admitted by some of the production staff that this is, more or less, a joke that went overboard -- namely one derived from the fact that corners had to be cut in order to keep within the budget for the mini. -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

* ''"You mentioned that the reason that the ''[[Galactica]]'' was so low-tech was that it was designed to fight the [[Cylons]], who could possibly infiltrate it's systems, and that this was one of the reasons it survived. If that is so, then who were the other ships designed to fight? The 120 ships alluded to are a big force just for border patrol. Are there [[aliens]] we should know about? "''

:The first [[Cylon War]] came very close to wiping out the [[Colonies]], and so when the [[Armistice]] was declared, the government maintained a large standing military force for quite some time, just in case. -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

*''"Mythos. Every science fiction show that stands the test of time needs to develop its own Mythos. By this I mean, its own unique cultural identity. For instance ''Star Wars'' has its Jedi, its Force; ''Star Trek'' has its Prime directive, beaming, and warps (sic) speed. As a writer you are aware of this and having worked in the ''Star Trek'' franchise are rather qualified in it. What will are your thoughts and insights into the development of Mythos in this new BSG child that you are tending to and caring for? Especially, since there seems to be heavy pressure to incorporate the original mythos themes of the show, will this be a guiding blueprint for thought, or just a framework to create? "''

:The mythology of the new ''Galactica'' is heavily influenced by that established in the [[Battlestar Galactica (TOS)|original]]. I've always approached this project with an eye toward taking the original material and making it work in a new context. I still try to do this whenever possible. Does it make sense that there would be a star system with [[Twelve Colonies|12 inhabitable planets]]? Not really, but that was in the original and at some point I decided to run with that as another nod to the old show. The mythology of the old show centered around [[Kobol]] and the thirteen "tribes of man," so I've kept it as the centerpiece of ours. Not every single element is the same and not every element is even intact, but the roots are there. The point was to make another version of ''Battlestar Galactica'', not just use the name. -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

* ''"I was watching ''Wing Commander'' last night with my wife and she made a comment that the Kilrathi fighter looked pretty similar to the Cylon Raider. I know that some of the production staff from Wing Commander went on to begin production on the [[Tom DeSanto|DeSanto]] continuation, but is there in fact any sort of link here? I mean I first thought Droid Fighter from ''Star Wars: Episode One'', but that seems to be some kind of common design going on. "''

:"Wing Commander" is frequently mentioned to me as a possible influence on the show, but I've never actually seen it. While it's possible that other members of the production team were influenced by it, it wasn't something that figured into my thinking. My own design influences were things like "Das Boot" "Blade Runner" "Alien/Aliens" and a stack of documentaries on the modern and history US and Royal Navies.

*''"My questions: Can the show explain a little more about their technology, for example how fast are the [[FTL]] jumps. It seems the fleet barely moves when not jumping, if the jumps are only light speed and not multiples of, some of the sublight ships could conceivably catch up (the ones not destroyed by cylons)"''

:An [[FTL]] Jump is nearly instantaneous, essentially moving a ship from point A to point B without travelling through the normal space-time continuum, presumably by bending space around the ship in some way. The analogy I used during production was to imagine three dimensional space as a flat piece of two dimensional paper. To get from one side to the other, you can travel in a straight line across the page, or you can gently bend the sheet in half and cross from edge to edge virtually instantly. How this is accomplished and what is the basis of this technology outstrips my technical brainpower.

:In fact, I feel faint just coming up with that explanation... -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

* ''"Did the [[Twelve Colonies|colonies]] have outposts, bases, or trade partners outside of the 12 colonies. Did they even explore other systems. The colonies could have had observatories, listening posts, or even scientific research teams exploring other planets beyond the colonial system(s). They could encounter any of these which could lead to supplies, raw materials, food, fuel etc. "''

:I think that's probably true, but part of our premise is that the fleet has Jumped far out into unexplored space in an effort to elude the [[Cylons]], so we won't be encountered any other outposts or colonies. -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

*''"Are there any similarities between your reconception of the BG universe and where you might have gone if you'd been given the reigns of ''Voyager''?"''

:There are similiarities in the premise of the two shows, so yes, there are things I'm applying here that I would've like to have done in [Star Trek:] ''Voyager'', i.e., lack of resources, the development of unique cultural and civil institutions, and internal strife among people trapped aboard ship(s) without any reasonable hope of finding sanctuary anytime soon. -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

*''"I have a friend who has a son and they both enjoy watching the new ''Battlestar Galactica''. But it is a very frustrating thing when he cannot allow his son watch the show when there are sex scenes and constant sexual innuendo scattered throughout the episodes.

:"The standard of the stories are superb and I would have to say it is one of the finest sci fi series I have seen in a long time. BUT IT DOESNT NEED SEX TO GET THE VIEWERS. Call me a little old fashioned but I nor others that I know really appreciate having to endure sex scenes that really do not further the story in any significant way. In fact I think they are rather pointless."''

:First of all, I'm sorry your friend can't watch the show with his son, but I always intended this series to be for adults. I have two small children, and I wouldn't dream of letting them watch the show -- mostly because of the violent content. Second of all, I disagree that the sexuality is intended to be exploitative or that it's somehow not integral to the story. We're presenting adult human beings as adults, and their sexuality is a key part of their lives. [[Baltar, Gaius|Baltar]]'s sexual weaknesses, [[Valerii, Sharon|Sharon]] & [[Tyrol, Galen|Tyrol]]'s forbidden love affair, and [[Thrace, Kara|Starbuck]]'s promiscuity are part of who and what they are. I think the only reason this gets the kind of attention is does is that we're not used to seeing sex treated maturely in science fiction -- nine times out of ten, any sex is either something to snigger at or to make fun of. Somehow it's okay to fetishize sex by putting women in S&M leather "space" outfits or have Carrie Fisher run around in harem clothes (not that there's anything wrong with that), but to portray two mature adults simply having sex is somehow controversial in sci-fi circles.

:I'd also point out, as I have many times before, the strange standards of American audiences, who can become red-faced with indignation over nudity, but find no problem with slasher films or chains-saw massacres. I mean, ''Galactica'''s premised on a massive genocide, and [[Mini-Series|the pilot]] deals with violent, shocking deaths over and over again, but people get upset about the sex? Weird.... -- {{from_RDM_blog}}

* Regarding the financial cost per episode of ''Battlestar'': "I can tell you that it’s well over one-and-a-half million dollars US per episode. It’s a substantial budget, especially when you convert it into Canadian dollars—and what we’re able to get up there—it’s a lot of money." [http://www.hollywoodnorthreport.com/pages/galactica/fashioningverisimilitude3.htm]

* ''Regarding a typical day as an executive producer on ''Battlestar'':''

: The job changes as the year goes on. Right now, before we start shooting, my time is spent almost exclusively here with the writing staff. I’m writing an episode at the moment. I wrote the first episode and I’m writing the second one. The writers meet by themselves…they break some stories…I come in and give notes…and we talk about directions for other episodes. Then, as time goes on, they’ll start generating scripts and stories, and I give notes on those. I’m also taking notes from the network and the studio on previous existing material.

: There’ll also be more of me going back and forth between LA and Vancouver. And as we get closer to production, then there’ll be more looking at production designs, dealing with budgetary issues, having meetings with directors and actors, looking at casting tapes for guest-star roles. Once we get into production and start generating film, there’s dailies to watch…post moves forward and there’s cuts of episodes to watch…and there’s visual effects sequences to give notes on.

: There’s not really a typical day, per say. You have to be nimble and on your feet and able to keep changing direction. You have to cover all these different bases, and sometimes you can’t run to first. Sometimes you have to run to third, and then run back home, and then run to second. It’s never a complete pattern.

: I believe very much in delegating authority to the department heads, in empowering people and having them take responsibility for the work. My principal job is to maintain the overall vision of the piece. [http://www.hollywoodnorthreport.com/pages/galactica/fashioningverisimilitude3.htm]

* From the "Fashioning Verisimilitude" article / interview on [http://www.hollywoodnorthreport.com Hollywood North Report (HNR)]:

: '''Robert Falconer:''' And I guess the whole concept of the show, by definition, is that of a bottle show.

: '''Ron Moore:''' Yeah. And it was designed that way from the get-go. When [[David Eick]] and I went in and pitched it initially—knowing how expensive space opera can be—we designed it to be affordable on what we could get on a SCI-FI Channel budget. [http://www.hollywoodnorthreport.com/pages/galactica/fashioningverisimilitude3.htm]

* ''Regarding the use of bullets versus lasers on the [[Vipers]], as explained by [[Ron Moore]]:''

: [The bullets are s]ome sort of caseless ammunition. We had long technical discussions about some of this. What mattered to us was that they weren’t laser blasts. We just felt that had been done to death, it wasn’t as interesting, and it wasn’t realistic. From our research we discovered that such weapons would take huge amounts of energy, and that fighters would probably be better served by using actual bullets. But presumably they’re more advanced than what we’re using today, although we haven’t actually sat down and defined them as such. [http://www.hollywoodnorthreport.com/pages/galactica/fashioningverisimilitude5.htm]

* ''Regarding the reconciliation between [[William Adama]] and his son [[Lee Adama]] at the end of the [[Mini-Series]], as explained by [[Ron Moore]]:''

: I think it will go up and it will go down, like any father-son dynamic does. I think they bridged a gap in the miniseries that certainly had held them apart for a couple of years. I don’t think that issue has been completely resolved, but they’ve moved past it to a certain point. Now they’re in a new relationship and a new dynamic…they’re father and son and they’re also serving on the same ship, and the stresses and pressures of that will affect the relationship. I think it’s interesting that Lee Adama has a strong relationship with [[Laura Roslin|Laura]], and that he in some respects is a bridge between her and his father. [http://www.hollywoodnorthreport.com/pages/galactica/fashioningverisimilitude5.htm]

== See Also ==

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalistic_science_fiction A description on Wikipedia on naturalistic SF] concepts used in the series

==Related Topics==
* [[List of Season 1 Guest Actors (RDM)]]
* [[List of Season 2 Guest Actors (RDM)]]
* [[List of Recurring Characters (RDM)]]
* [[List of Recurring Character Appearances (RDM)]]
* [[List of Emmy Nominations and Wins]]

[[Category:A to Z]]
[[Category:Behind the Scenes]]
[[Category:RDM]]

Battlestar Wiki:Citation Jihad

2005-11-12T01:32:27Z

Keith Gow: /* Acceptable Sources */ - added a missing "s"

{{project}}

[[Wikipedia:Jihad|Jihad]] is an arabic word meaning "to exert utmost effort, to strive, to struggle". At the Battlestar Wiki, we strive to be a comprehensive and accurate source of [[canon]]ical information. Because of the nature of a wikipedia to which anyone may contribute, it is vital that sources be cited and facts checked. This project page is intended to serve as the hub of these operations.

==Acceptable Sources==
In ''roughly'' descending order of reliability:
#On-screen evidence
#*[http://www.twiztv.com/scripts/battlestar/ TWIZ TV] is a good source for episode transcripts
#Official comments from the producers:
#*[http://www.scifi.com/battlestar/downloads/podcast/ Episode podcasts]
#*DVD commentaries
#*[http://blog.scifi.com/battlestar/ Ronald D. Moore's blog]
#*[http://scifi.com/battlestar/bts/videoblog/ David Eick's video blog]
#Other statements from producers, cast, and crew
#The SciFi channel and SkyOne websites

This list is an important guideline, but is not to be slavishly obeyed. If David Eick mentions offhand that ''Galactica'' is four inches long, but a reliable source from [[Zoic]] gives scaling information used in the visual effects sequences, deference should be given to Zoic's field of expertise. (This would also fall under the guideline of placing on-screen evidence before producer's commentary). Obvious gaffes and bloopers should also be ignored.

Where later comments contradict earlier ones, defer to the most recent statement and make a note at [[List of retcons (RDM)]]. An example of this is the size of the fleet, increased from 40 ships in the miniseries to 75 in the series. If the issue is not decisively settled, make a note at the bottom of the page (see [[Olympic Carrier#Notes]] for an example).

'''List of sites that are not good sources'''
*'''Battlestar Wiki itself''' – This is important. If you read information here that you have not verified yourself, do not trust it.
*[http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia] – Where Wikipedia cites its own sources, it can be a useful guide. However, uncited assertions should not be trusted.
*[http://www.imdb.com/ IMDB] – IMDB has not demonstrated a rigorous standard of fact-checking.
*Fan sites such as [http://www.tecr.com/galactica/index.html Battlestar Galactica Tech Manual], [http://www3.telus.net/public/akamyot/chistory.htm Colonial History], [http://www.galacticastation.com/ Galactica Station] where they do not themselves cite sources.

==Our Weapons==
We have imported {{tl|ref}} and {{tl|note}} from Wikipedia for the purpose of making footnotes where in-text citations become too cumbersome. See [[Wikipedia:Help:Footnotes|Help:Footnotes]] for instructions. Our weapons also include fear, suprise, and an almost fanatical devotion to the Re-imagined series.

==Our Missions==

===Articles needing sources===

*[[Original Battlestar (RDM)]]
*[[Number Six]] - in which Germanic language does "Godfrey" mean "peace"?
*[[Battlestar Group]] - there's an unsourced comment from Moore's blog here.
*[[Viper (TOS)]] - unsourced dimensions

===Widespread misconceptions (aka "[[Wikipedia:Fanon (fiction)|Fanon]]")===

*The RDM ''Galactica'' is not equipped with [[railgun]]s (see link for firm evidence)
*It has never been stated that there are twelve Lords of Kobol.

===Characters with Non-Canon First Names===
*Brendan [[Constanza]]
**Article at [[Constanza]], redirect from [[Brendan Constanza]], [[Hot Dog]], [[Hotdog]]
**Source: IMDB
*Joyce [[Hadrian]]
**Article at [[Hadrian]], redirect from [[Sergeant Hadrian]].
**Source: "hint by sources close to production"
*Richard [[Adar]]
**Source: SkyOne

==Members==
Show your commitment to accuracy. Join up!
*[[User:Peter Farago|Peter Farago]] 01:19, 29 September 2005 (EDT)
*[[User:Spencerian|Spencerian]] 10:20, 29 September 2005 (EDT) (self-dubbed Lord of "It's ''Galactica'' not '''the''' ''Galactica''" Corrections)
*[[User:Day|Day]] 21:49, 30 September 2005 (EDT)
*::"Your episode citations go ''inside'' the period."
*[[User:Ricimer|Ricimer]] 13 October, 2005 (EDT) - I tape and watch the reruns like a hawk; should get all of the names from the credits this time around.
[[Category:Project Page|Citation Jihad]]
*[[User:Jzanjani|Jzanjani]] 10:34, 27 October 2005 (EDT)
*::"Cocaine is a hell of a drug." - Rick James

Bradley Thompson

2005-11-10T11:21:12Z

Keith Gow:

== Biography ==

Bradley Thompson met co-writer [[David Weddle]] in an acting class, where they discovered both attended the USC School of Cinema. Years later, Thompson asked Weddle if he could adapt Weddle's play "Memoirs of an Awkward Lover" into a screenplay. Weddle agreed, but the two ended up collaborating on the project together. Nothing came of the adaptation.

After [http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Star_Trek:_Deep_Space_Nine Star Trek: Deep Space Nine] Executive Producer Ira Steven Behr read Weddle's book about filmmaker Sam Pekinpah, Weddle secured an invitation to pitch for the show and Thompson & Weddle collaborated on pitch ideas for the series.

Their first credited story on the series, was the fourth season episode "Rules of Engagement". The teleplay was written by [[Ronald D. Moore]]. Their first credited teleplay for Deep Space Nine was the fifth season episode, "The Assignment."

Thompson & Weddle continued to write for Deep Space Nine through its final season, writing two episodes from the final tightly-plotted nine-episode arc of the series.

== Writing for "Battlestar Galactica" ==

Bradley Thompson & [[David Weddle]] are credited for writing the teleplays for "[[Act of Contrition]]", "[[The Hand of God]]", the Season Two premiere "[[Scattered]]", "[[Valley of Darkness]]" and "[[Flight of the Phoenix]]".

{{mstub}}

[[Category: A to Z|Thompson, Bradley]] [[Category: Crew|Thompson, Bradley]] [[Category: RDM|Thompson, Bradley]]

David Weddle

2005-11-10T11:20:55Z

Keith Gow:

== Biography ==

David Weddle met co-writer [[Bradley Thompson]] in an acting class, where they discovered both attended the USC School of Cinema. Years later, Thompson asked Weddle if he could adapt Weddle's play "Memoirs of an Awkward Lover" into a screenplay. Weddle agreed, but the two ended up collaborating on the project together. Nothing came of the adaptation.

After [http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Star_Trek:_Deep_Space_Nine Star Trek: Deep Space Nine] Executive Producer Ira Steven Behr read Weddle's book about filmmaker Sam Pekinpah, Weddle secured an invitation to pitch for the show and Thompson & Weddle collaborated on pitch ideas for the series.

Their first credited story on the series, was the fourth season episode "Rules of Engagement". The teleplay was written by [[Ronald D. Moore]]. Their first credited teleplay for Deep Space Nine was the fifth season episode, "The Assignment."

Thompson & Weddle continued to write for Deep Space Nine through its final season, writing two episodes from the final tightly-plotted nine-episode arc of the series.

== Writing for "Battlestar Galactica" ==

David Weddle & [[Bradley Thompson]] are credited for writing the teleplays for "[[Act of Contrition]]", "[[The Hand of God]]", the Season Two premiere "[[Scattered]]", "[[Valley of Darkness]]" and "[[Flight of the Phoenix]]".

{{mstub}}
[[Category: A to Z|Weddle, David]] [[Category: Crew|Weddle, David]] [[Category: RDM|Weddle, David]]

Bradley Thompson

2005-11-10T11:16:16Z

Keith Gow: /* Writing for "Battlestar Galactica" */

== Biography ==

Bradley Thompson met co-writer [[David Weddle]] in an acting class, where they both discover they attended the USC School of Cinema. Years later, Thompson asked Weddle if he could adapt Weddle's play "Memoirs of an Awkward Lover" into a screenplay. Weddle agreed, but the two ended up collaborating on the project together. Nothing came of the adaptation.

After [http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Star_Trek:_Deep_Space_Nine Star Trek: Deep Space Nine] Executive Producer Ira Steven Behr read Weddle's book about filmmaker Sam Pekinpah, Weddle secured an invitation to pitch for the show and Thompson & Weddle collaborated on pitch ideas for the series.

Their first credited story on the series, was the fourth season episode "Rules of Engagement". The teleplay was written by [[Ronald D. Moore]]. Their first credited teleplay for Deep Space Nine was the fifth season episode, "The Assignment."

Thompson & Weddle continued to write for Deep Space Nine through its final season, writing two episodes from the final tightly-plotted nine-episode arc of the series.

== Writing for "Battlestar Galactica" ==

Bradley Thompson & [[David Weddle]] are credited for writing the teleplays for "[[Act of Contrition]]", "[[The Hand of God]]", the Season Two premiere "[[Scattered]]", "[[Valley of Darkness]]" and "[[Flight of the Phoenix]]".

{{mstub}}

[[Category: A to Z|Thompson, Bradley]] [[Category: Crew|Thompson, Bradley]] [[Category: RDM|Thompson, Bradley]]

Bradley Thompson

2005-11-07T11:07:13Z

Keith Gow:

== Biography ==

Bradley Thompson met co-writer [[David Weddle]] in an acting class, where they both discover they attended the USC School of Cinema. Years later, Thompson asked Weddle if he could adapt Weddle's play "Memoirs of an Awkward Lover" into a screenplay. Weddle agreed, but the two ended up collaborating on the project together. Nothing came of the adaptation.

After [http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Star_Trek:_Deep_Space_Nine Star Trek: Deep Space Nine] Executive Producer Ira Steven Behr read Weddle's book about filmmaker Sam Pekinpah, Weddle secured an invitation to pitch for the show and Thompson & Weddle collaborated on pitch ideas for the series.

Their first credited story on the series, was the fourth season episode "Rules of Engagement". The teleplay was written by [[Ronald D. Moore]]. Their first credited teleplay for Deep Space Nine was the fifth season episode, "The Assignment."

Thompson & Weddle continued to write for Deep Space Nine through its final season, writing two episodes from the final tightly-plotted nine-episode arc of the series.

== Writing for "Battlestar Galactica" ==

Bradley Thompson & [[David Weddle]] are credited for writing the teleplays for [[Act of Contrition]], [[The Hand of God]], the Season Two premiere [[Scattered]], [[Valley of Darkness]] and [[Flight of the Phoenix]].

{{mstub}}

[[Category: A to Z|Thompson, Bradley]] [[Category: Crew|Thompson, Bradley]] [[Category: RDM|Thompson, Bradley]]